IGCSEGeographyCIETopic Questions1. Population & Settlement1.1 Population Dynamics

Population Dynamics (CIE IGCSE Geography)

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13 marks
Study Fig. 1.1, which shows information about the Demographic Transition Model.

demographic-transition

Fig. 1.1

(i)
Identify the stage when population is growing most rapidly.
.........................................
[1]
(ii)
Using Fig. 1.1 only, compare:
the birth rates in Stage 2 and Stage 3 ..............................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
the death rates in Stage 1 and Stage 2 .............................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................

[2]

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26 marks
Study Fig. 1.1, which shows information about the birth and death rates of three countries in 2013.

Country Birth rate (per 1000 of population) Death rate
(per 1000 of population)
Kuwait 20.9 2.1
South Africa 19.3 17.2
Vietnam 16.8 5.9

Fig. 1.1

(i)
What is meant by South Africa has a death rate of 17.2?
[1]
(ii)
Using Fig. 1.1, identify the following:

– the country with the lowest birth rate; .....................

– the country with the highest rate of natural population growth ......................
[2]
(iii)
Give three reasons why death rates vary from country to country.
[3]

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310 marks

Study Fig. 1.1, which shows information about population and resources.

q1a-0460-s20-qp-11
(i)
How does the balance between population and resources differ between a country which is under-populated and one which is over-populated?

[1]

(ii)
Name a country which is:
under-populated ...................................................
over-populated .....................................................
[2]
(iii)
Give three reasons why the country you named in (ii) is under-populated.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
3 ........................................................................................................................................
[3]
(iv)
Describe the problems caused by over-population in the country you named in (ii).
 [4]

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43 marks

Study Fig 1.2, which shows information about the population of China and Nigeria between 1950 and 2100 (estimated).

qp-1b-0460-w19-qp-11

Compare the populations of China and Nigeria between 1950 and 2100 (estimated). You should refer to years and use statistics in your answer.

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56 marks

Study Fig. 1.1, which shows information about birth rates and death rates in Mexico (an LEDC) between 1900 and 2060 (estimated).

q1-1a-0460-w19-qp-13
(i)
What is meant by death rate?
[1]
(ii)
Which of the following statements is true about birth and death rates in Mexico? Tick two answers in the table below:

  Tick (✓)
The birth rate declined every year between 1900 and 2015.  
The birth rate was always higher than the death rate between 1900 and 2015.  
Both the birth rate and the death rate declined overall between 1960 and 2015.  
Natural population growth was lower in 2015 than it was in 1980.  
Natural population growth was high between 1900 and 1920.  

[2]

(iii)
Calculate the natural population growth rate of Mexico in 2010. You should show your calculations.

[3]

 

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61 mark

Study Fig. 1.1, which shows information about population change in Norway between January 1 and 30 April 2013.

births 14168
deaths 11363
immigration 18948
emigration 9319


Fig. 1.1

The total population of Norway on 1 January 2013 was 5051275.

Which of the following describes what happened to the total population by 30 April 2013?

Tick one answer in the table below:

  Tick(✓)
decreased  
increased  
stayed the same  

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73 marks

Study Fig. 1.2, which shows information about the population of 10 urban areas in Botswana (an LEDC in Africa) in 1991 and 2011.

nov-2020-1-2-1b

Put the following urban areas in rank order according to their population growth between 1991 and 2011.

   Kanye    Maun    Mogoditshane    Thamaga    Tonota

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83 marks

Study Figs. 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5 , which are photographs taken in an overpopulated country.

fig-1-3-rb-paper-1-march-2021-cie-igcse-geography

Fig.1.3

fig-1-4-rb-paper-1-march-2021-cie-igcse-geography

Fig.1.4

fig-1-5-rb-paper-1-march-2021-cie-igcse-geography

Fig.1.5

Use evidence in each of Figs. 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5 to identify different problems caused by overpopulation.

Fig. 1.3 ......................................................................................

Fig. 1.4 ......................................................................................

Fig. 1.5 ......................................................................................

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93 marks

Study Figs. 1.2 and 1.3, which show information about birth rates in Vietnam (an LEDC in South East Asia).

q1b-specimen-2020-paper-1-cie-igcse-geo

The communist government of Vietnam is penalising couples who have more than
two children. In the early 1960s it imposed a two-child limit for couples and there
have been campaigns to promote contraception and abortion in the country since
1997.

By 2000, the birth rate had been reduced considerably by the use of fines and
confiscation of land. The original policy ended in 2003 but was revived in 2008 after
an increase in the birth rate.

Villagers in Thua Thien-Hue province are being fined for having more than two
children under the government two-child policy. Catherine Pham Thi Thanh, 44, said
that since 1996 she has been fined a total of 3800 kilograms of rice for having six
children. This is a great loss for the family which makes an annual profit of only 700
kilograms of rice from their farm.

Fig. 1.3

Using Fig. 1.2 only, describe the reduction in the birth rate of Vietnam between 1960 and 2015. Include statistics in your answer.

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106 marks
An under-populated country is one where there are too few people to use all the resources to maximum efficiency. An over-populated country is one where there are too many people to be supported to a good standard by the resources of the country.
screenshot-2023-04-17-at-17-58-38
(i)
Give evidence from Fig. 2.1 which suggests that Bangladesh is an over-populated country.
[3]
(ii)
Give evidence from Fig. 2.2 which suggests that Australia is an under-populated country.
 [3]

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113 marks

Study Fig. 1.4, which shows information about the factors influencing population growth.

fig-1-4-qp-paper11-cie-igcse-geography

Fig. 1.4

Explain how each of the following can affect population growth rates:

percentage of women with careers ..........................................
government policy ..........................................
net migration. ..........................................

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123 marks

Study Fig. 1.3, which is a map showing rural and urban Ifakara.

fig-1-3-paper13-cie-igcse-geography

Fig. 1.3

Using evidence from Fig. 1.3 only, suggest three reasons why death rates are high in Miwangani.

1 ..................................................

2 ..................................................

3 ..................................................

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17 marks

For a named country you have studied, explain why the population is increasing

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2
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For a named country you have studied, describe the problems caused by overpopulation 

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3
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For a named country you have studied, describe the problems caused by under population

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4
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For a named country you have studied, describe the problems which have been caused by a low rate of population growth or population decline. 

Name of Country:……………………..

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5
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For a named country you have studied, describe and explain the impacts caused by under-population. 

Named country…………………..

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67 marks

For a named country you have studied, describe the problems caused by over-population.

Name of country..................................

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77 marks

For an example of a country you have studied, explain why natural population growth rates are high.

Name of country .....................

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87 marks

For a named country you have studied, describe a policy which is used to influence natural population growth rates.

Name of country ........................................

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97 marks

For a named country you have studied, explain why its natural population growth is high.

Name of country .................................................................

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107 marks

For a named country you have studied, describe a government policy used to influence population growth.

Country ........................................................................................

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117 marks

For a named country you have studied, describe the problems which have been caused by a rapid growth in its population.

Country ..........................................

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127 marks

For a named country you have studied, describe the causes and consequences of under-population.

Name of country .................................

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137 marks

Describe the problems caused by a large dependent population in a named country you have studied.

Name of country ..................................

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1
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Explain why increased economic growth can lead to changes in population growth rates

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27 marks

Study Fig. 1.1, which shows information about the Demographic Transition Model.

demographic-transition

Fig. 1.1

(i)
Using information from Fig. 1.1 only, explain why the rate of population growth changes as a country moves from Stage 1 to Stage 4.
.........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................

[3]

(ii)
Explain why birth rates are still high in many LEDCs.
.........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................   

[4]

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39 marks

Study Figs. 1.2 and 1.3, which show information about birth rates in Vietnam (an LEDC in South East Asia).

q1b-specimen-2020-paper-1-cie-igcse-geo

The communist government of Vietnam is penalising couples who have more than two children. In the early 1960s it imposed a two-child limit for couples and there have been campaigns to promote contraception and abortion in the country since 1997.

By 2000, the birth rate had been reduced considerably by the use of fines and confiscation of land. The original policy ended in 2003 but was revived in 2008 after an increase in the birth rate.

Villagers in Thua Thien-Hue province are being fined for having more than two children under the government two-child policy. Catherine Pham Thi Thanh, 44, said that since 1996 she has been fined a total of 3800 kilograms of rice for having six children. This is a great loss for the family which makes an annual profit of only 700 kilograms of rice from their farm.

Fig. 1.3

(i)
Suggest how government policies and other factors may have reduced Vietnam’s birth rate.
[4]
(ii)
Explain why the governments of some MEDCs are now concerned that birth rates are too low in their countries.

[5]

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45 marks
Study Fig 1.2, which shows information about the population of China and Nigeria between 1950 and 2100 (estimated).

qp-1b-0460-w19-qp-11

Explain why birth rates are high in LEDCs such as Nigeria.

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54 marks

Study Fig. 1.1, which shows information about birth rates and death rates in Mexico (an LEDC) between 1900 and 2060 (estimated).

q1-1a-0460-w19-qp-13

Suggest reasons to explain why the natural population growth rate in Mexico is likely to decrease between 2015 and 2050.

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65 marks

Study Figs. 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5 , which are photographs taken in an overpopulated country.

fig-1-3-rb-paper-1-march-2021-cie-igcse-geography

Fig.1.3

fig-1-4-rb-paper-1-march-2021-cie-igcse-geography

Fig.1.4

fig-1-5-rb-paper-1-march-2021-cie-igcse-geography

Fig.1.5

Overpopulation occurs when the population is greater than the resources can support. Explain why this may occur in a country.

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75 marks

Study Fig. 1.2, which shows information about the population of 10 urban areas in Botswana (an LEDC in Africa) in 1991 and 2011.

nov-2020-1-2-1b

Describe the problems caused by rapid population growth in urban areas in LEDCs.

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85 marks

Study Fig. 1.4, which shows information about the factors influencing population growth.

fig-1-4-qp-paper11-cie-igcse-geography

Fig. 1.4

Explain why improvements in health care can lead to changes in population growth rates.

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95 marks

Some parts of Tanzania are over-populated. Describe the problems faced by people living in areas which are over-populated.

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