1. Atomic Structure & the Periodic Table

1.1 Simple Model of the Atom

1.1.1 Elements

1.1.2 Compounds

1.1.3 Equations

1.1.4 Half Equations & Ionic Equations

1.1.5 Mixtures

1.1.6 History of the Atom

1.1.7 The Structure of the Atom

1.1.8 Size & Mass of Atoms

1.1.9 Relative Atomic Mass

1.1.10 Electronic Structure

1.2 The Periodic Table

1.2.1 Arranging the Elements

1.2.2 History of the Periodic Table

1.2.3 Metals & Non-Metals

1.2.4 Group 0: The Noble Gases

1.2.5 Group 1: The Alkali Metals

1.2.6 Group 7: The Halogens

1.3 Properties of Transition Metals

1.3.1 Typical Properties of Transition Metals

1.3.2 Transition Metals vs. Alkali Metals

2. Bonds, Structure & Properties of Matter

2.1 Ionic, Covalent & Metallic Bond

2.1.1 Chemical bonds

2.1.2 Ionic Bonding

2.1.3 Ionic Compounds

2.1.4 Covalent bonding

2.1.5 Metallic Bonding

2.2 Bonding & Substance Properties

2.2.1 States of Matter

2.2.2 Particle Theory & its Limitations

2.2.3 State Symbols

2.2.4 Properties of Ionic Compounds

2.2.5 Properties of Small Molecules

2.2.6 Polymers

2.2.7 Giant Covalent Structures

2.2.8 Properties of Metals & Alloys

2.2.9 Metals as Conductors

2.3 Structure & Bonding of Carbon

2.3.1 Diamond Structure

2.3.2 Graphite

2.3.3 Graphene & Fullerenes

2.4 Bulk & Surface Properties

2.4.1 Sizes of Particles & their Properties

2.4.2 Uses of Nanoparticles

3. Quantitative Chemistry

3.1 Measurement, Mass & Equations

3.1.1 Conservation of Mass & Balanced Chemical Equations

3.1.2 Relative Formula Mass

3.1.3 Mass Changes when a Reactant or Product is a Gas

3.1.4 Chemical Measurements

3.2 Calculating Mass of Substances

3.2.1 The Mole

3.2.2 Amounts of Substances in Equations

3.2.3 Using Moles to Balance Equations

3.2.4 Limiting Reactants

3.2.5 Concentrations of Solutions

3.3 Yield & Atom Economy

3.3.1 Percentage Yield

3.3.2 Theoretical Masses of Products

3.3.3 Calculating Atom Economy

3.3.4 Choosing a Reaction Pathway

3.4 Concentration of Solutions

3.4.1 Using Concentrations in mol/dm3

3.5 Amount of Substance & Gas Volume

3.5.1 Amount of Substance in Relation to Volumes of Gases

4. Chemical Changes

4.1 Reactivity of Metals

4.1.1 Metal Oxides

4.1.2 The Reactivity Series

4.1.3 Extraction of Metals & Reduction

4.1.4 Oxidation & Reduction in Terms of Electrons

4.2 Reactions of Acids

4.2.1 Reactions of Acids with Metals

4.2.2 Metal & Acid Reactions as Redox Reactions

4.2.3 Neutralisation of Acids and Salt Production

4.2.4 Soluble Salts

4.2.5 Required Practical: Preparation of a Soluble Salt

4.2.6 The pH Scale & Neutralisation

4.2.7 Strong & Weak Acids

4.2.8 Titrations

4.2.9 Required Practical: Strong Acid & Strong Alkali Titration

4.2.10 Titration Calculations

4.3 Electrolysis

4.3.1 The Process of Electrolysis

4.3.2 Electrolysis of Molten Ionic Compounds

4.3.3 Using Electrolysis to Extract Metals

4.3.4 Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions

4.3.5 Required Practical: Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions

4.3.6 Half Equations in Electrolysis

5. Energy Changes

5.1 Exothermic & Endothermic Reactions

5.1.1 Energy Transfer in Reactions

5.1.2 Required Practical: Investigating Temperature Changes

5.1.3 Reaction Profiles

5.1.4 The Energy Change of Reactions

5.2 Chemical Cells & Fuel Cells

5.2.1 Cells & Batteries

5.2.2 Fuel Cells

5.2.3 Electrode Reactions in Hydrogen Fuel Cells

6. Chemical Change: Rate & Extent

6.1 Rate of Reaction

6.1.1 Calculating Rates of Reactions

6.1.2 Reaction Rates Using Moles

6.1.3 Rate Graphs

6.1.4 Calculating Gradients

6.1.5 Factors that Affect the Rate of Reaction

6.1.6 Required Practical: Investigating the Effect of Concentration on Rate of Reaction

6.1.7 Collision Theory & Activation Energy

6.1.8 Catalysts

6.2 Reversibility & Equilibrium

6.2.1 Reversible Reactions

6.2.2 Energy Changes & Reversible Reactions

6.2.3 Equilibrium

6.2.4 The Effect of Changing Conditions on Equilibrium

6.2.5 The Effect of Changing Concentration

6.2.6 The Effect of Temperature Changes on Equilibrium

6.2.7 The Effect of Pressure Changes on Equilibrium

7. Organic Chemistry

7.1 Hydrocarbons: Fuel & Feedstock

7.1.1 Crude Oil, Hydrocarbons & Alkanes

7.1.2 Fractional Distillation & Petrochemicals

7.1.3 Properties of Hydrocarbons

7.1.4 Cracking & Alkenes

7.2 Reactions of Alkenes & Alcohols

7.2.1 Alkenes

7.2.2 Combustion of Alkenes

7.2.3 Addition Reactions of Alkenes

7.2.4 Alcohols

7.2.5 Carboxylic Acids

7.2.6 Carboxylic Acids as Acids

7.3 Synthetic & Natural Polymers

7.3.1 Addition Polymerisation

7.3.2 Condensation Polymerisation

7.3.3 Amino Acids

7.3.4 DNA & Natural Polymers

8. Chemical Analysis

8.1 Purity, Formulations & Chromatography

8.1.1 Pure Substances

8.1.2 Formulations

8.1.3 Chromatography

8.1.4 Required Practical: Investigating Chromatography

8.2 Identification of Common Gases

8.2.1 Test for Hydrogen

8.2.2 Test for Oxygen

8.2.3 Test for Carbon Dioxide

8.2.4 Test for Chlorine

8.3 Methods of Identifying Ions

8.3.1 Flame Tests

8.3.2 Metal Hydroxides

8.3.3 Carbonates

8.3.4 Halides

8.3.5 Sulfates

8.3.6 Required Practical: Identifying Ions

8.3.7 Instrumental Methods

8.3.8 Flame Emission Spectroscopy

9. Chemistry of the Atmosphere

9.1 Formation of Earth's Atmosphere

9.1.1 Gases in the Atmosphere

9.1.2 Earth's Early Atmosphere

9.1.3 How Oxygen Increased

9.1.4 How Carbon Dioxide Decreased

9.2 CO2 & CH4 as Greenhouse Gases

9.2.1 Greenhouse Gases

9.2.2 Humanity & Greenhouse Gases

9.2.3 Global Climate Change

9.2.4 The Carbon Footprint & Its Reduction

9.3 Causes of Atmospheric Pollution

9.3.1 Atmospheric Pollutants from Fuels

9.3.2 Properties & Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants

10. Using Resources

10.1 Global Reserves & Potable Water

10.1.1 Resources & Sustainability

10.1.2 Potable Water

10.1.3 Required Practical: Analysis & Purification of Water Samples

10.1.4 Waste Water Treatment

10.1.5 Alternative Methods of Extracting Metals

10.2 Life Cycle Analysis & Recycling

10.2.1 Life Cycle Assessment

10.2.2 Reducing Use of Resources

10.3 Using Materials

10.3.1 Corrosion & Its Prevention

10.3.2 Alloys as Useful Materials

10.3.3 Ceramics, Polymers & Composites

10.4 Haber Process & NPK Fertilisers

10.4.1 The Haber Process

10.4.2 Dynamic Equilibrium

10.4.3 Choosing Reaction Conditions

10.4.4 Production & Use of Fertilisers