1. Cell Biology

1.1 Cell Structure

1.1.1 Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes

1.1.2 Animal & Plant Cells

1.1.3 Cell Specialisation

1.1.4 Cell Differentiation

1.1.5 Microscopy

1.1.6 Required Practical: Microscopy

1.1.7 Culturing Microorganisms

1.1.8 Required Practical: Growth

1.2 Cell Division

1.2.1 Chromosomes

1.2.2 Mitosis & the Cell Cycle

1.2.3 Stem Cells

1.3 Transport in Cells

1.3.1 Diffusion

1.3.2 Factors that Affect Diffusion

1.3.3 Diffusion in Multicellular Organisms

1.3.4 Osmosis

1.3.5 Required Practical: Osmosis

1.3.6 Active transport

1.3.7 Transport Summary & Applications

2. Organisation

2.1 Organisation: Digestion

2.1.1 Principles of Organisation

2.1.2 The Stomach

2.1.3 The Human Digestive System

2.1.4 Enzymes & Metabolism

2.1.5 Required Practical: Enzymes

2.1.6 Enzymes & Digestion

2.1.7 Required Practical: Food Tests

2.2 Organisation: The Cardiovascular & Respiratory System

2.2.1 The Lungs

2.2.2 The Heart

2.2.3 Blood Vessels & Blood

2.3 Health & Disease

2.3.1 CHD: A Non-Communicable Disease

2.3.2 Health Issues

2.3.3 Lifestyle & Non-Communicable Diseases

2.3.4 Data & Applications of Lifestyle Disease

2.3.5 Cancer

2.4 Plant Tissues, Organs & Systems

2.4.1 Plant Tissues

2.4.2 Plant Organ System

2.4.3 Transpiration

2.4.4 Translocation

3. Infection & Response

3.1 Communicable Diseases

3.1.1 Communicable (Infectious) Diseases

3.1.2 Viral Diseases

3.1.3 Bacterial Diseases

3.1.4 Fungal Diseases

3.1.5 Protist Diseases

3.1.6 Human Defence Systems

3.1.7 Vaccination

3.1.8 Antibiotics & Painkillers

3.1.9 Discovery & Development of Drugs

3.2 Monoclonal Antibodies

3.2.1 Producing Monoclonal Antibodies

3.2.2 Uses of Monoclonal Antibodies

3.3 Plant Disease

3.3.1 Detection and Identification of Plant Diseases

3.3.2 Plant Defence Responses

4. Bioenergetics

4.1 Photosynthesis

4.1.1 Photosynthetic Reaction

4.1.2 Rate of Photosynthesis

4.1.3 Interactions of Limiting Factors

4.1.4 Required Practical: Photosynthesis Rate

4.1.5 Uses of Glucose from Photosynthesis

4.2 Respiration

4.2.1 Aerobic & Anaerobic Respiration

4.2.2 Response to Exercise

4.2.3 Metabolism

5. Homeostasis & Response

5.1 The Human Nervous System

5.1.1 Structure & Function

5.1.2 The Reflex Arc

5.1.3 Required Practical: Reaction Time

5.1.4 The Brain

5.1.5 The Eye

5.1.6 Control of Body Temperature

5.2 Hormones: Maintaining Blood Homeostasis

5.2.1 Homeostasis

5.2.2 Human Endocrine System

5.2.3 Control of Blood Glucose Concentration

5.2.4 Maintaining Water & Nitrogen Balance in the Body

5.3 Hormones in Humans: Reproduction & Metabolism

5.3.1 Hormones in Human Reproduction

5.3.2 Contraception

5.3.3 The Uses of Hormones to Treat Infertility

5.3.4 Negative Feedback

5.4 Plant Hormones

5.4.1 Plant Hormones

5.4.2 Required Practical: Plant Growth

5.4.3 Uses of Plant Hormones

6. Inheritance, Variation & Evolution

6.1 Reproduction

6.1.1 Sexual & Asexual Reproduction

6.1.2 Meiosis

6.1.3 Advantages & Disadvantages of Sexual & Asexual Reproduction

6.1.4 DNA & the Genome

6.1.5 DNA Structure

6.1.6 Genetic Inheritance

6.1.7 Inherited Disorders

6.1.8 Sex Determination

6.2 Variation & Evolution

6.2.1 Variation

6.2.2 Evolution

6.2.3 Selective Breeding

6.2.4 Genetic Engineering

6.2.5 Cloning

6.3 The Development of Understanding of Genetics & Evolution

6.3.1 Theory of Evolution

6.3.2 Speciation

6.3.3 The Understanding of Genetics

6.3.4 Evidence for Evolution

6.3.5 Fossils

6.3.6 Extinction

6.3.7 Resistant Bacteria

6.4 Classification of Living Organisms

6.4.1 Classification

7. Ecology

7.1 Adaptations, Interdependence & Competition

7.1.1 Communities

7.1.2 Abiotic Factors

7.1.3 Biotic Factors

7.1.4 Adaptations

7.2 Organisation of an Ecosystem

7.2.1 Levels of Organisation

7.2.2 Required Practical: Ecosystems

7.2.3 How Materials are Cycled

7.2.4 Decomposition

7.2.5 Required Practical: Decay

7.2.6 Impact of Environmental Change

7.3 Biodiversity & the Effect of Human Interaction on Ecosystems

7.3.1 Biodiversity

7.3.2 Waste Management

7.3.3 Land Use

7.3.4 Deforestation

7.3.5 Global Warming

7.3.6 Maintaining Biodiversity

7.4 Trophic Levels in an Ecosystem

7.4.1 Trophic Levels

7.4.2 Pyramids of Biomass

7.4.3 Transfer of Biomass

7.5 Food Production

7.5.1 Factors Affecting Food Security

7.5.2 Farming Techniques

7.5.3 Sustainable Fisheries

7.5.4 Role of Biotechnology