De-individuation & crowd behaviour
- De-individuation (Le Bon, 1895) refers to the tendency for people to lose their inhibitions and their sense of personal identity when they are part of a crowd
- When someone is part of a group they can become ‘lost in the crowd’ in terms of their self-awareness and sense of autonomy i.e. responsibility for their actions and their moral compass becomes submerged with that of the group
- People may find themselves behaving more aggressively than usual due to the effects of deindividuation (literally breaking away from the individual self) as it is easier to act with and part of the group rather than standing out as the lone voice of difference in the group (a type of conformity)
- Examples of crowd behaviour linked to deindividuation might include a football fan rioting with fellow fans after a match or a child going along with a gang of bullies who are tormenting another child
- Crowds give individuals anonymity: it is much easier to act against character if someone is hidden in a crowd (this may explain why some people wear masks during riots or other crowd-led aggressive behaviour)
- Key factors which influence crowd-led deindividuation are the wearing of a uniform, acting in darkness, being in an altered state (drugs, alcohol), wearing a disguise
A face mask may help an individual to act ‘outside’ of themselves.
Exam Tip
Be careful not to suggest in your exam answer that the behaviour of crowds is always negative. People should have a right to express their feelings via demonstrations - a crowd does not necessarily bring with it destructive or toxic intentions but instead it can be derailed by other forces e.g. a hostile police force or a small group of trouble-causers who infiltrate the crowd and encourage aggressive, violent behaviour.