Create a Data Model (CIE IGCSE ICT)

• A spreadsheet is made of cells, rows and columns
• A cell is one box on the spreadsheet and is referenced using its cell reference (e.g. A1)
• A row goes across and is referenced using the number down the side
• A column goes down and is referenced using the letter at the top

Inserting and Deleting Cells, Rows, and Columns

• You can alter the structure of a spreadsheet by inserting or deleting cells, rows, and columns
• This flexibility allows you to manage and organise your data effectively

Merging Cells

• Merging cells combines two or more cells into one larger cell
• This is useful for creating headers or titles that span across multiple columns

Creating Formulae Using Cell References

• Formulae allow you to perform calculations on your data
• You can reference specific cells in your formulae to make them dynamic and adaptable

Replicating Formulae Using Absolute and Relative Cell References

• Absolute cell references ($A$1) stay constant, while relative cell references (A1) change when you copy or drag a formula

• Use absolute references when you want the same cell referenced and use relative references when you want the reference to change

Use of Arithmetic Operators in Formulae

• Arithmetic operators allow you to perform basic mathematical operations in your formulae: add (+), subtract (-), multiply (*), divide (/), and indices (^)

Using Named Cells and Named Ranges

• Named cells:
  • Easily refer to a group of adjoining cells
    
  • Shortens/simplifies formulae
    
  • Enables referring to a group of cells without having to lookup cell references
    
  • Don’t have to re-set the absolute referencing manually