A LevelGeographyAQATopic Questions6. Ecosystem Under Stress6.3 Biomes

Biomes (AQA A Level Geography)

Topic Questions

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Figure 16 shows the temperature and precipitation associated with different world biomes.

Figure 17 shows information about productivity in various ecosystem types.

Figure 16

fig-16-paper1-specimen-aqa-alevel-geography

Figure 17

Biome Area Mean net primary
productivity		 Mean biomass
(106 km2)

(g/m2/yr)

 (kg/m2)
Tropical rainforest 17 2 200 45
Temperate deciduous
forest		 7 1 200 30
Savanna 15 900 4
Tundra 8 140 0.6
Subtropical desert 18 90 0.7

With reference to any two biomes shown in Figure 16 and Figure 17, analyse the relationship between climate characteristics and natural vegetation.

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With reference to a tropical rainforest, evaluate the role of governance in environmental management.


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Figure 11

fig-11-inserts-paper1-nov2021-aqa-alevel-geography

Figure 11 shows selected climate extremes and impacts affecting coral and forests in tropical and sub-tropical regions.

Analyse the data shown in Figure 11.


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How far do you agree that global governance has a role to play in the conservation of the savanna grassland biome?

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With reference to the tropical rainforest biome, assess the view that latitude is the most important factor in its natural development.
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Figure 11a shows rainfall totals and cumulative rainfall in a woodland savanna (cerrado) in south-east Brazil between 2009 and 2012.

Figure 11b shows the relationship between albedo and soil water content over the same time period for the same area.

Figure 11a

Rainfall totals and cumulative rainfall in a woodland savanna (cerrado), south-east Brazil, 2009–2012

fig-11a-paper1-june2019-aqa-alevel-geography

Figure 11b

Relationship between albedo and soil water content over the same time period and same area as in Figure 11a

fig-11b-paper1-june2019-aqa-alevel-geography

Note: Albedo PAR is a measure of the reflectivity of a surface. Darker surfaces absorb sunlight and warm up. Lighter surfaces reflect the sun’s energy and stay cooler. A lower PAR score indicates a darker surface and vice versa.

Analyse the data shown in Figure 11a and Figure 11b.

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Which of the following are adaptations found in savanna vegetation?

[1]

  • Buttress roots give the trees stability and access to nutrients found in the upper soil. Waxy leaves and drip tips help to remove large quantities of water during the short wet season.

  • There are distinctive layers of vegetation adapted to deal with the intense summer insolation. Trees lose their leaves in winter as insolation levels fall and the dry season arrives.

  • Only a few tree species can survive the long dry season. Waxy leaves reduce moisture loss. Deep tree roots reach groundwater. Grasses die and return during the wet season.

  • Coniferous trees dominate and give way to small shrubs at the edges of the savanna. Needle-like leaves are adapted to cope with the large diurnal temperature variations.

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