Syllabus Edition
First teaching 2023
First exams 2025
Sodium is a metal in the Periodic Table.
Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement of particles in a crystal of sodium.
In your answer, include at least six particles of each type.
Sodium can react with chlorine to produce sodium chloride.
Sodium chloride is ionically bonded.
State the meaning of the term ‘ionic bond’.
Draw the 'dot and cross' diagram to show the ions formed by sodium chloride.
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Both lithium and lithium chloride contain ions of lithium. However, the structure bonding and properties of these substances are very different.
State how the ions are held together in solid lithium and in solid lithium chloride.
Table 4.1 below shows the melting and boiling points of lithium and lithium chloride.
Table 4.1
|
Melting point (oC) |
Boiling point (oC) |
|
|
Lithium |
180.5 |
1342 |
|
Lithium chloride |
605.0 |
1382 |
Explain what can be deduced from the information in Table 4.1.
Two students, A and B, are comparing the properties of lithium and lithium chloride.
Student A states that both lithium and lithium chloride will conduct electricity, but Student B states that only lithium will conduct electricity.
State whether Student A, Student B, or neither student is correct. Explain your answer.
Student A and B then went on to discuss the bonding in another substance, CaF2.
Explain, in terms of electrons, how CaF2 is formed from its atoms.
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Table 2.1 shows the properties of four substances.
Table 2.1
| Substance | Boiling point | Electrical conductivity of solid |
Electrical conductivity when molten |
| Copper | high | conducts | conducts |
| Lithium bromide | high | does not conduct | conducts |
| Sulfur | low | does not conduct | does not conduct |
State the meaning of the term ionic bonding.
Identify the information in the table that shows that lithium bromide is an ionic compound.
Lithium bromide dissolves in organic solvents, whereas potassium fluoride is insoluble in organic solvents.
Suggest a reason for the difference in solubility in organic solvents.
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Strontium nitride reacts with water to form strontium hydroxide and ammonia.
Write the balanced symbol equation for this reaction.
Strontium nitride has a melting point of 1200 °C.
[3]
The melting point of magnesium nitride is 1500 °C. Explain the difference between the melting point for strontium nitride and magnesium nitride.
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