Particles in the Atom & Atomic Radius (CIE A Level Chemistry)

Table 4.1 below shows the atomic radii for the elements of Period 2, Li to F.

Table 4.1 

Complete Fig. 4.1 to show the electronic configuration of boron in the excited state.

Explain why the first ionisation energy of boron is lower than the first ionisation of beryllium.

The successive ionisation energies for another element, J, are shown in Table 4.2.

State the formula of the compound when element J reacts with chlorine. 

The Bohr model of an atom represents a central nucleus, consisting of protons and neutrons, with electrons surrounding it moving in circular orbits. This model was proposed by Niels Bohr in 1913 and after some further research, energy levels and sublevels were recognised, and the model was refined.  

Using your knowledge of atomic structure, complete Table 1.1 below for the particles found in an atom. 

Table 1.1

State the block in the Periodic Table in which silicon is placed. Explain your answer.

A mass spectrometer can be used to detect isotopes of an element, such as silicon. For these to be detected in the mass spectrometer, a sample containing the isotopes must first be vapourised and then ionised.

Give two reasons why the sample of isotopes must be ionised, and state what could be adjusted in order to allow ions formed by different isotopes to reach the detector.