Syllabus Edition
First teaching 2023
First exams 2025
Propylamine can be produced from 1-bromopropane.
Complete the equation for the formation of propylamine.
CH3CH2CH2Br + ................................. → ................................. + HBr
State the necessary reagents and conditions to produce propylamine from 1-bromopropane.
Name the reaction mechanism that takes place when propylamine is produced from 1-bromopropane.
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Compound X is produced from cyclohexene. An amine which is a relatively weak base containing one nitrogen atom can be produced from compound X in one step.
Outline a mechanism for the formation of compound X from cyclohexene. You will need to give suitable reagents in your answer.
One condition that is needed to convert compound X into the amine molecule is that the reagent needs to be in excess.
[1]
Propylamine acts as a Brønsted-Lowry base when it reacts with water.
Suggest an equation to show how propylamine reacts when mixed with water.
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Propylamine is a colourless liquid that is used to manufacture a variety of chemicals including textile resins, drugs and pesticides. It can be produced by the reaction of 1-chloropropane with ammonia.
Use an appropriate chemical equation to explain why propylamine can be described as a Brønsted-Lowry base with water.
The reaction between 1-chloropropane and ammonia proceeds in two steps.
Step 1 involves the formation of an intermediate.
Step 2 forms the final propylamine product.
As the reaction proceeds, the bond angles around the nitrogen atom change. Explain these changes in the bond angles around the nitrogen atom.
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Fig. 2.1 shows a reaction sequence to form an amine.
Fig. 2.1
In reaction 2, vapours of compound B are converted into compound C by reacting them with hydrogen gas over a nickel catalyst.
Name the type of reaction that occurs in reaction 2.
Compound C can also be produced in a single step from compound D.
Compound C is a primary amine as there is one alkyl chain attached to the nitrogen atom.
Draw the skeletal formula of compound C's two isomers, which are also primary amines.
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Butylamine is an organic compound used as an ingredient in the manufacture of pesticides.
One possible method of making butylamine from 1-chlorobutane is shown in Fig. 3.1.
Fig. 3.1
Draw the mechanism for reaction 1 and label compound X in your answer. Include all necessary partial and full charges.
Compound X undergoes another reaction in reaction 2 before butylamine is formed.
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