Syllabus Edition
First teaching 2023
First exams 2025
The structural formulae of four different organic compounds are shown in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1
| Structural formula | IUPAC name |
| C6H5CH3 | |
| CH3CH2CH2CH2CHO | |
| CH3NHCH3 | |
| CH3CH(NH2)CO2H |
Complete Table 1.1 by writing the systematic name for each compound.
Draw the fully displayed formula for butanoyl chloride.
butanoyl chloride |
Butanoyl chloride can react with water to form butanoic acid. State the type of mechanism that this reaction involves.
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Compounds K, L and M are organic compounds with different properties.
| K | L | M |
 |
 |
 |
Give the systematic name of compounds K, L and M.
compound K ................................................................................
compound L ................................................................................
compound M ................................................................................
Complete Table 2.1 to identify if compounds K, L and M from part (a) are aliphatic or aromatic.
Table 2.1
| Aliphatic | Aromatic | |
| compound K | ||
| compound L | ||
| compound M |
Draw three-dimensional diagrams to show the stereoisomers of compound M.
|
isomer 1
|
isomer 2
|
 |
 |
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This question is about aldehydes.
Draw the displayed formula and 3D representations of the smallest aldehyde that can form optical isomers.
| displayed formula |
|
|
| optical isomer 1 | optical isomer 2 |
Name the organic compound formed by the reaction of the oxidation product in part (b) and the reduction product in part (c).
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The functionality of organic compounds, such as carbonyls, changes during a chemical reaction. These changes will depend on the reagents and conditions required for the reactions.
In a second reaction, CH3OH reacts with CH3CH2CH2COCl.
An equation for the formation of phenylbutanone via the reaction of benzene with CH3CH2CH2COCl is shown in Fig. 4.1. In this reaction, a reactive intermediate is formed from CH3CH2CH2COCl which reacts with benzene.
Fig. 4.1
|
isomer 1
|
isomer 2
|
isomer 3
|
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Organic compounds can be represented using skeletal formula.
Give the IUPAC names of the compounds A, B and C.
Compound A can undergo hydrolysis to form a carboxylic acid.
Explain why this is an example of an addition-elimination reaction.
When heated, compound A will also react with phenol in the presence of a base to produce phenyl butanoate.
Draw the displayed formula of phenyl butanoate.
State whether any of the compounds, A, B or C, can form optical isomers.
Explain your answer.
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The reaction pathway for the formation of an N-substituted amide is shown in a three step synthesis in Fig. 2.1. In step 1, the major product of the reaction is formed.
Fig. 2.1
State the IUPAC names of compounds W and X.
W ...............................................
X ...............................................
Suggest suitable reagents for steps 2 and 3 given in Fig. 2.1 in part (a).
5.0 g of compound W was used to produce compound X. The percentage yield was 64%.
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Table 3.1 shows the formula for different compounds.
Table 3.1
| formula | name |
| (CH3)2C(OH)CH(CH3)2 | |
| CH3COCl | |
| CH3CONHCH3 | |
| CH3CN |
Complete Table 3.1
(CH3)2C(OH)CH(CH3)2 undergoes elimination to form (CH3)2CC(CH3)2
Name ................................................................
Structure
[2]
When CH3COCl is heated in water, it is hydrolysed to a carboxylic acid.
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