Moving From Short-run Profit/Loss to the Long-run Equilibrium
From Supernormal to Normal Profit
- If firms in monopolistic competition make supernormal profit in the short-run, new entrants are attracted to the industry & the number of sellers increases
- They are incentivised by the opportunity to make supernormal profit
- There are low barriers to entry
- It is easy to join the industry
- Supernormal profit will be eroded & the firm will return to the long-run equilibrium position of making normal profit
From Losses to Normal Profit
- If firms in monopolistic competition make losses in the short-run, some will shut down
- The shut down rule will determine which firms shut down
- There are low barriers to exit, so it is easy to leave the industry
- For the remaining firms, losses will be eliminated & the firm will return to the long-run equilibrium position of making normal profit
A diagram illustrating the long-run equilibrium position for a monopolistically competitive firm which is making normal profit. AR (P1) = AC at the profit maximisation level of output (Q1)
Diagram Analysis
- The firm is initially producing at the profit maximisation level of output where MC=MR (Q1)
- At this level of output P1 = AC & the firm is making normal profit
- In the long-run, firms in monopolistic competition always make normal profit
- Firms making a loss leave the industry
- Firms making supernormal profit see it slowly eradicated as new firms join the industry