Moving From Short-run Losses to Long-run Equilibrium
- If firms in perfect competition make losses in the short-run, some will shut down
- The shut down rule will determine which firms shut down
- There are no barriers to exit, so it is easy to leave the industry
A diagram illustrating how firms leaving the industry shifts the industry supply curve to the left (S1→S2 ) which changes the industry price from P1→P2. The firm can now only sell its products at P2 which returns it to a position of normal profit
Diagram Analysis
- The firm is initially producing at the profit maximisation level of output where MC=MR (Q1)
- At this level of output, the AR (P1) < AC (C1) & the firm is making a loss
- Some firms leave the industry & supply decreases from S1→S2
- Overall quantity in the industry falls from Q1→Q2
- The industry price increases from P1→P2
- The firm now has to sell its products at the industry price of P2
- The output of the firm increases from Q1→Q2 as it now has a larger market share of the smaller industry
- At the profit maximisation level of output (MC=MR) the firm is now producing at the point where AR= AC
- The firm is making normal profit
- In the long-run, firms in perfect competition always make normal profit
- Firms making a loss leave the industry
- Firms making supernormal profit see them slowly eradicated as new firms join the industry