The Domesday Book (Edexcel GCSE History)

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Zoe Wade

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Zoe Wade

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History

Why did William Create the Domesday Book? - Summary

There are many reasons why William commissioned the most detailed survey of landowning in Medieval Europe in 1085. A significant reason was controlling his nobility. In 1075, he faced an uprising from Norman nobles. The nobles were unhappy. Upon the deaths of their fathers, William had reduced the landholding that they inherited. The Domesday Book gained this name as the decisions made in the survey were as final as those made on the Day of Judgement. Therefore, William used the survey to reinforce his power over England and his subjects.

The Domesday Book had important financial motivations. At the beginning of the Norman Conquest, William had given some of his tenants-in-chief tax benefits, such as the Marcher earldoms. William wanted to end these privileges to increase his royal income. The Domesday Book detailed exactly what each subject owned in England and how much that land was worth. This enabled William to calculate tax much more accurately than previous Anglo-Saxon kings of England.

What was the Domesday Book?

  • The Domesday Book was a written survey of England. It aimed to discover:

    • Who owned land in England

    • If any land had multiple people claiming ownership

    • Who lived in each area of land

    • How much the land was worth

    • The function of areas of land, for example, woodland or arable

    • How much tax landowners needed to pay the king

  • William ordered the creation of the Domesday Book at Christmas 1085

    • The written survey was completed in August 1086

Worked Example

Describe two features of the Domesday Book

4 marks

Answer: 

One feature of the Domesday Book was to identify how people used the land in England (1). The survey identified if each section of land was woodland or arable (1)

Another feature of the Domesday Book was discovering who owned land in England (1). There were areas of land that multiple people claimed ownership of after the Norman Conquest (1)

Exam Tip

When answering ‘Describe two features of…’ questions, the four marks are given to you for:

  • Identify - write a relevant point based on the question topic. For example, how people used the land

  • Describe - add some specific own knowledge about the point you have made. For example, how land could be used as woodland or arable 

To achieve full marks, you must do these steps twice

The Significance of the Domesday Book on Norman Government

Military

Legal

Financial

In 1085, William feared a Viking invasion from Denmark. The Domesday Book does not list knight service. It did show how many men each tenant-in-chief could provide as soldiers to William

The Norman Conquest caused land disputes. The surveyors listened to each person's claim to the land. They interviewed key people in the hundred to determine who owned the land

William used the Domesday Book to increase his revenue. William imposed large geld taxes in 1084 and 1086. The Domesday Book also identified opportunities to increase William's land through the death of a tenant-in-chief or by forfeit

Exam Tip

An exam question may ask you how far you agree that the Domesday Book was financially significant. When approaching this style of question, consider:

  • The extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement. Use words like 'partially' or 'fully' to explain this

  • The strength of both sides of the argument. William wanted to discover how much tax he could raise and which land he could make his own. However, William faced a potential military threat, which triggered the meeting in 1085. This showed the Domesday Book had important military purposes

  • Concluding your thoughts with a reflection on key concepts. You should consider short- and long-term consequences, importance and impact. For example, the Domesday Book was the most detailed survey of landholding in Europe for centuries. This had long-term consequences on how English medieval kings calculated tax, showing its financial significance

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Zoe Wade

Author: Zoe Wade

Zoe has worked in education for 10 years as a teaching assistant and a teacher. This has given her an in-depth perspective on how to support all learners to achieve to the best of their ability. She has been the Lead of Key Stage 4 History, showing her expertise in the Edexcel GCSE syllabus and how best to revise. Ever since she was a child, Zoe has been passionate about history. She believes now, more than ever, the study of history is vital to explaining the ever-changing world around us. Zoe’s focus is to create accessible content that breaks down key historical concepts and themes to achieve GCSE success.