Leaf Structure (Cambridge O Level Biology)

A plant leaf contains various structures that makes it adapted for the process of photosynthesis.

Complete the following by drawing lines to connect each listed structure with the correct adaptation.

Structure		Adaptation
Waxy cuticle		Allows gas exchange to occur
Stomata		Tightly packed with chloroplasts for maximum absorption of light
Palisade mesophyll		Protect the leaf from water loss
Spongy mesophyll		Increases the surface area to volume ratio for the diffusion of gases

Fig. 1 shows the cross section of a leaf.

Fig. 1

Structure Y represents a vascular bundle.

Identify two types of tissue found in structure Y.

[2]

Describe the function of each type of tissue identified at part (i).

[2]

Layer X and Z in Fig. 1 form the outer boundaries of the leaf.

State one visible difference between layer X and Z.

[1]

The cells in layer X are transparent.

Explain the importance of this to the plant.

[2]

Carbon dioxide must enter the chloroplasts within plant cells for photosynthesis to occur.

Describe the movement of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into the chloroplasts.