12 marks
Which two of the following are features of the misleading information explanation of eyewitness testimony?
|
a) Weapon focus effect b) Post-event discussion c) Anxiety d) Leading questions |
Did this page help you?
2.4 Eye Witness Testimony
22 marks
Outline, giving an example, what is meant by a leading question.
Did this page help you?
36 marks
Homer is walking home from work one evening when he notices two men running from the bakery carrying large sacks full of doughnuts which they had just stolen. Officer Wiggum asks Homer for his eyewitness account of the incident. To obtain the eyewitness statement Officer Wiggum simply asks Homer a series of closed questions e.g. ‘Did you see what happened?’, ‘Did you recognise the thieves?’
a)
Give one reason why Officer Wiggums’ questioning of Homer may not elicit the most accurate or reliable eyewitness account.
[2]
b)
Suggest two features of the Cognitive Interview which would be more useful in this context.
[4]
Did this page help you?
41 mark
Which one of the following statements about the effect of anxiety on eyewitness testimony are true:
Anxiety has no effect on eyewitness testimony
Anxiety has only a positive effect on eyewitness testimony
Anxiety has only a negative effect on eyewitness testimony
Anxiety has both a positive and a negative effect on eyewitness testimony
Did this page help you?
52 marks
Outline one limitation of the theory of weapon focus effect.
Did this page help you?
11 mark
Professor Tensanervous is interested in looking at the possible association between caffeine and eyewitness anxiety. She asks her participants to report how many cups of coffee they drink in a week, after which a confederate enters the test space and threatens the professor with a (fake) knife. Professor Tensanervous then asks the participants to write down how anxious they felt by this (fake) threat on a scale of 1-10 (10 being ‘extremely anxious’). Once the professor has her results she presents them in the following graph:
Graph 1: Correlation between number of cups of coffee in a week and level of anxiety.
Which one of the following correlation coefficients best describes the data represented in Graph 1?
+0.85
-0.85
-0.30
+0.30
Did this page help you?
2a3 marks
Professor Tensanervous is so encouraged by her investigation into eyewitness anxiety that she decides to conduct an observation into the behaviour of eyewitnesses when confronted by a dangerous individual. She invites a new sample of volunteer participants to the psychology lab one morning and instructs them to wait 10 minutes for the procedure to begin. She then leaves the room after which a confederate enters the room, locks the door and begins to brandish a (fake) knife around, shouting that he is on a mission to kill all students. The professor observes the responses of the student participants via a one-way mirror.
Suggest three behavioural categories that the professor could use to measure the behaviour of the eyewitnesses.
2b6 marks
Evaluate Professor Tensanervous’ observational study.
Did this page help you?
34 marks
Explain the economic implications of research into eyewitness testimony.
Did this page help you?
14 marks
Describe the procedure of any study into the effect of misleading information on eyewitness testimony (EWT).
Did this page help you?
2a2 marks
In 2015, a survey of 650 people who had witnessed a violent assault the previous year found that 240 of the witnesses said that they still experienced anxiety when thinking about the crime whilst 410 of them said that they did not. In 2017, a similar survey of another 650 eyewitnesses found that 330 said that they still experienced anxiety, whilst 320 said that they did not.
Calculate the percentage of eyewitnesses from the 2017 survey who said that they did not still experience anxiety. Give your answer to two decimal places.
2b2 marks
Which statistical test should be used to calculate whether there is a significant difference in eyewitness anxiety between the two surveys? Give three reasons for your answer.
Did this page help you?
38 marks
Evaluate research into the effect of misleading information and/or anxiety on eyewitness testimony.
Did this page help you?
42 marks
Dr Rozzer has conducted an experiment into the difference between accurate EWT using the cognitive interview compared to using a series of closed questions.
Explain what it would mean if the results in Dr Rozzer’s study were significant at the 0.05 level.
Did this page help you?
54 marks
Explain one strength and one limitation of using the cognitive interview to question eyewitnesses.
Did this page help you?
66 marks
Danielle was walking down the high street when she witnessed a crime. A young man attacked an elderly woman. After a struggle, the man ran away with the woman’s handbag. Danielle and another couple of witnesses stayed with the woman until the police arrived.
Explain how the police could use the cognitive interview to help Danielle’s recall of the event.
Did this page help you?
72 marks
Which two of A, B, C, D and E are associated with the cognitive interview technique?
A Alter the perspective
B Change the speaker
C Match the direction
D Remove the context
E Reverse the order
Did this page help you?
8
6 marks
6 marksEvaluate the cognitive interview as a way of improving the accuracy of eyewitness testimony.
Did this page help you?
96 marks
Describe the cognitive interview.
Did this page help you?
1016 marks
Outline and evaluate research (theories and/or studies) into the effects of misleading information on eyewitness testimony.
Did this page help you?