11 mark
Which of the following is not a feature of the sensory register of the Multi-Store Model of memory?
Echoic memory
Episodic buffer
Iconic memory
Large capacity
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The Multi-Store Model of Memory (AQA A Level Psychology)
Topic Questions
22 marks
Outline two types of long-term memory.
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3a2 marks
Molly wants to memorise her new phone number but she finds it very difficult to remember all 11 digits: after about six digits she forgets what comes next. ‘Why don’t you try chunking the numbers together?’ her friend Milly advises, ‘You’ll probably find that you are able to remember your new number quite easily if you do that’.
Explain why Molly is experiencing difficulties trying to memorise her number with reference to the capacity of short-term memory.
3b2 marks
Explain why Milly’s advice to ‘chunk’ the phone number should help Molly to recall the phone number easily.
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44 marks
Outline one strength and one limitation of using lab experiments to investigate short-term memory.
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52 marks
Outline what is meant by the term ‘coding’ as it relates to memory.
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1a4 marks
Professor Rekolekt investigated his hypothesis that eating marshmallows before taking a memory test would significantly improve STM memory capacity. These are the results showing the test scores out of 20 per participant:
Table 2.
|
Participant |
Marshmallows before test |
No marshmallows |
Difference |
Sign of difference |
|
1 |
17 |
9 |
|
|
|
2 |
7 |
18 |
|
|
|
3 |
18 |
20 |
|
|
|
4 |
7 |
4 |
|
|
|
5 |
11 |
3 |
|
|
|
6 |
17 |
16 |
|
|
|
7 |
13 |
15 |
|
|
|
8 |
6 |
16 |
|
|
|
9 |
14 |
10 |
|
Using the data in Table 2 carry out the Sign Test and calculate the value of S.
1b3 marks
Professor Rekolekt used the range as a measure of dispersion for this data. Explain why using standard deviation might be a more suitable way to analyse the dispersion of the data per condition (Marshmallows/No marshmallows).
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216 marks
Compare and contrast the Multi-Store Model of Memory with the Working Memory Model.
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33 marks
Professor Waybackwhen has conducted research investigating a possible correlation between semantic memory and exercise. Her hypothesis was, ‘There will be a positive correlation between the number of hours of exercise taken in a month and the number of semantic memories recalled in that same month’. After conducting a statistical analysis of her data the professor calculates a correlation coefficient of 0.95.
Explain what the correlation coefficient of 0.95 means in terms of the professor's hypothesis.
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13 marks
Describe the process by which information is transferred from environmental input to LTM as suggested by the MSM.
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26 marks
Outline episodic memory and outline one strength and one weakness of using a case study to investigate episodic memory in LTM.
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3a4 marks
Dr Lookback has conducted a meta-analysis of studies into gender differences in semantic memory. Her findings are shown in the table below:
Table 1.
|
Total number of studies analysed |
Studies supporting a gender difference in semantic memory |
Studies challenging a gender difference in semantic memory |
|
86 |
44 |
22 |
Using the data in Table 1, explain the ratio of the number of studies which challenge gender differences in semantic memory to the total number of studies in the meta-analysis. Then explain what the findings as a whole suggest about gender differences in semantic memory.
3b2 marks
With reference to Dr Lookback’s study above, explain one strength of using a meta-analysis to measure gender differences in semantic memory.
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48 marks
Evaluate research used to investigate the Multi-Store Model of Memory.
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52 marks
Explain one limitation with the concept of rehearsal as featured in the MSM.
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6
16 marks
16 marksMost PIN codes are 4 digits long and are easy to remember. In contrast, mobile phone numbers are 11 digits long. Most people would not be able to remember a friend’s new mobile phone number unless they were able to say it to themselves several times without interruption.
Discuss the multi-store model of memory. Refer to the information above in your answer
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74 marks
4 marksTwo types of long-term memory are procedural memory and episodic memory.
Explain two differences between procedural memory and episodic memory.
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84 marks
In an investigation into memory, participants were presented with two different lists of words.
|
List A |
List B |
|
Flip Flit Flop Flap Flab Flan Flat |
Huge Large Great Giant Vast Mighty Epic |
After seeing the lists, participants were tested on their ability to recall the words.
When tested immediately, participants found it more difficult to recall the words from List A in the correct order.
When tested after 30 minutes, participants found it more difficult to recall the words from
List B in the correct order.
Using your knowledge of coding in memory, explain these findings.
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