AO1 (5 marks)/AO2 (15 marks)

Marking instructions
Markers must apply the descriptors in line with the general marking guidance and the qualities outlined in the levels-based mark scheme below.
Responses that demonstrate only AO1 without any AO2 should be awarded marks as follows:

Level 1 AO1 performance: 1 mark
Level 2 AO1 performance: 2 marks
Level 3 AO1 performance: 3 marks.
Level 4 AO1 performance: 4–5 marks.

Indicative content guidance
The indicative content below is not prescriptive and candidates are not required to include all of it. Other relevant material not suggested below must also be credited.
Relevant points may include:
AO1

There are significant variations in the lived experience of place and engagement in local communities.
This varies with age, ethnicity, gender, length of residence and level of deprivation, and controversy can occur among groups about priorities for regeneration.
Local interest groups play a key role in decision-making about regeneration and there are often conflict between groups that wish to preserve and those that seek change, making decisions controversial.
Different urban and rural stakeholders use different criteria to judge the success of regeneration, depending on the meaning and lived experience,and the impact of change on the image and reality of the place.

AO2

Differences of opinion may be significant or minor, depending on the approach taken to regeneration, and to level of consultation over changes.
The level of disruption during construction may generate objections, but once complete, the improvements may be welcomed, limiting controversy.
Substantial redevelopment and loss function, name, appearance, key buildings and displacement of residents is likely to lead to resentment.
Some within a community may agree that change was needed.
Longstanding residents are often more resistant to change, but conversely may recognise the issues facing the place so agree something needs to be done.
Young residents and students may have less investment in the place both socially and economically so be less likely to object.
Environmentalist groups may welcome change if provision for wildlife is included in the regeneration proposals.

Overall, evaluation is likely to weigh the level of influence and power of different stakeholders, or to contrast more and less controversial regeneration. Also the idea that once complete, a project may come to be accepted despite earlier objections.
Expect discussion of either urban or rural places, or a combination of both.

Accept any other appropriate response.

Success of Regeneration (Edexcel A Level Geography)

Topic Questions