The substance known as PHBV is a biodegradable polymer formed from 3-hydroxybutanoic acid and 3-hydroxypentanoic acid.
condensation
hydrolysis
hydration
hydrogenation
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Butanoic acid may be prepared by the acid hydrolysis of
butyl ethanoate
1-chlorobutane
ethyl butanoate
propanenitrile
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Compound X, C4H10O, is oxidised to form compound Y.
Compound Y reacts with ethanol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid to give an ester, Z.
Which of these could be the formula of Z?
CH3COOC(CH3)3
CH3CH2COO(CH2)3CH3
(CH3)2CHCOOCH2CH3
CH3CH2COOCH2CH(CH3)2
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Terylene is a polyester derived from ethane-1,2-diol and terephthalic acid.
What is the structure of the repeat unit of terylene?
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Propyl ethanoate, CH3COOCH2CH2CH3, is hydrolysed with aqueous sodium hydroxide.
Which products are formed?
CH3COOH and CH3CH2CH2OH
CH3COOH and CH3CH2CH2ONa
CH3COONa and CH3CH2CH2OH
CH3COONa and CH3CH2CH2ONa
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Which of these compounds is a product of the hydrolysis of CH3COOC3H7 by refluxing with aqueous sodium hydroxide?
CH3OH
C3H7OH
C3H7COOH
C3H7COO–Na+
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The formation of esters and the hydrolysis of esters are reactions that are slow under normal laboratory conditions.
What speeds up these reactions?
| Esterification | Hydrolysis | |||
| ☐ | A | acids only | acids only | |
| ☐ | B | acids only | acids and bases | |
| ☐ | C | bases only | bases only | |
| ☐ | D | bases only | acids and bases |
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1 mark2.95 g of ethanoic acid is produced from 2.50 g of ethanol.
What is the percentage yield of ethanoic acid?
[Molar masses in g mol−1: ethanoic acid = 60 ethanol = 46]
65.0 %
84.7 %
90.5 %
118 %
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