Uses of Lenses (CIE IGCSE Physics)

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• If the object is placed closer to the lens than the focal length, the emerging rays diverge and a real image is no longer formed
• When viewed from the right-hand side of the lens, the emerging rays appear to come from a point on the left
  • This point can be found by extending the rays backwards (creating virtual rays)
• A virtual image will be seen at the point where these virtual rays cross

A virtual image is formed by the divergence of rays from a point

• In this case the image is:
  • Virtual
  • Enlarged
  • Upright

• Using a lens in this way allows it to be used as a magnifying glass
• When using a magnifying glass, the lens should always be held close to the object

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• Converging and diverging lenses are commonly used in glasses to correct defects of sight
  • Converging lenses can be used to correct long-sighted vision
  • Diverging lenses can be used to correct short-sighted vision

Correcting Short-Sightedness

• People who are short-sighted have eyes that are 'too large'
  • This means they cannot see things that are far away, and only see things that are close to them

• This is because the eye refracts the light and brings it to a focus before it reaches the retina
  • In other words, the focus point is in front of the retina at the back of the eye

• This can be corrected by using a concave or a diverging lens

Correcting Long-Sightedness

• People who are long-sighted have eyes that are 'too small'
  • This means they cannot clearly see things that are close, and can only clearly see things that are far away

• This is because the eye refracts the light rays and they are brought to a focus beyond the retina
  • In other words, the focus point is behind the retina at the back of the eye

• This can be corrected by using a convex or converging lens