1 markWhich of these statements correctly describes genetic engineering?
Only breeding from crop plants that are resistant to pests.
Altering the DNA in crop plants so that they are resistant to herbicides.
Using yeast to produce ethanol.
Production of insulin in the pancreas.
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1 markWhich of the following is a reason yeast is used to make bread?
Yeast is used to make bread because...
... it produces ethanol.
... it produces lactic acid.
... it produces carbon dioxide.
... it produces oxygen.
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1 markWhat is the name of the enzyme used to produce clear apple juice?
Lipase
Amylase
Protease
Pectinase
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1 markWhat needs to be inserted into a bacterial cell to allow it to produce insulin to treat diabetes?
An enzyme.
A molecule of insulin.
A length of DNA from a human.
A length of DNA from a bacterium.
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1 markWhy are bacteria used in biotechnology?
They can make complex molecules.
They are found inside the human body.
They reproduce slowly.
They can become resistant to antibiotics.
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1 markGenes are isolated from human DNA using ……1…… enzymes.
A bacterial plasmid is cut with the same enzyme creating ……2…… .
The human DNA is inserted into the bacterial plasmid using the enzyme ……3…… creating a ……4…… plasmid.
Which row correctly completes gaps 1, 2, 3 and 4?
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| A | restriction | sticky ends | ligase |
recombinant |
| B | ligase | daughter plasmids | ligase |
restriction |
| C | recombinant | new DNA | lipase |
daughter |
| D | ligase | sticky ends | protease |
diploid |
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1 markWhat is the role of ligase enzymes in genetic engineering?
To insert plasmids into bacteria.
To join human DNA with plasmid DNA.
To isolate human genes.
To cut open plasmid DNA.
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1 markThe stages of genetic engineering are shown in the diagram below.
Which stages involve the production of sticky ends?
1, 2 and 3
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
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1 markThe following statements describe biofuel.
Which of these statements could be considered an advantage of biofuel?
1, 2 and 4
2 and 3 only
2 only
2 and 4 only
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1 markIndustrial fermenters are used to produce large quantities of microorganisms which can be used for many biotechnological processes.
Which of the following correctly matches the different conditions in the fermenters and the reason why it is important to control these conditions?
| aseptic conditions | optimum pH | agitation | |
| A | creates an even distribution of substances throughout the fermenter | prevents enzymes from denaturing so that enzyme activity is at a maximum | ensures that only the desired species of microorganisms grow in the fermenter |
| B | ensures that only the desired species of microorganisms grow in the fermenter | creates an even distribution of substances throughout the fermenter | prevents enzymes from denaturing so that enzyme activity is at a maximum |
| C | prevents enzymes from denaturing so that enzyme activity is at a maximum | ensures that only the desired species of microorganisms grow in the fermenter | creates an even distribution of substances throughout the fermenter |
| D | ensures that only the desired species of microorganisms grow in the fermenter | prevents enzymes from denaturing so that enzyme activity is at a maximum | creates an even distribution of substances throughout the fermenter |
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1 markWhich of the following combinations of nutrients would be needed in a batch fermenter in the production of penicillin?
Amino acids and lipids
Lipids and glucose
Chlorine and amino acids
Glucose and amino acids
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1 markWhich of the following statements would be an advantage of producing genetically modified crops?
To decrease the yield of the crop.
To prevent resistance to pests.
To increase the yield of the crop.
To prevent resistance to herbicides.
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1 markWhich of these is not a correct use of genetic modification?
Cloning
Resistance to pests
Increased crop yield
To modify crops to provide additional vitamins
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1 markWhich products of fermentation (anaerobic respiration in yeast) are important in the production of beer and bread?
| beer | bread | |
| A | ethanol | simple sugars |
| B | lactic acid | ethanol |
| C | ethanol | carbon dioxide |
| D | simple sugars | lactic acid |
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1 markPenicillin is produced in a fermenter by growing the fungus Penicillium.
The graph below shows how the mass of living Penicillium fungus, and the concentration of penicillin, changed over time.
Which day would be the best to harvest the penicillin at?
3 days
1.5 days
5 days
3.5 days
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1 markWhich food shown in the graph below has the highest percentage stain removal with a biological washing powder?
Salad dressing
Chocolate pudding
Chocolate milkshake
Raspberry smoothie
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