14.1 Coordination, Response & Homeostasis

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The image below shows the density of the two types of photoreceptor across a horizontal section of the retina. 

Which row of the table below correctly identifies the structures present in the eye according to the image above? 

	P	Q	R	S
A	cone cells	rod cells	retina	cone cells
B	rod cells	cone cells	fovea	rod cells
C	cone cells	rod cells	fovea	cone cells
D	rod cells	cone cells	retina	rod cells

A group of students wanted to set up an experiment to investigate plant growth.

They attached a plant pot to a clinostat and placed it in a dark room as shown in the image below: 

Which of the following images would show the expected result of this experiment after two days?

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Which row of the table best summarises the ways that the eye adjusts to different stimuli?

	looking at near objects	looking at far objects	bright light	dim light
A	lens becomes flat	suspensory ligaments loosen	circular muscles relax	radial muscles contract
B	suspensory ligaments loosen	ciliary muscles relax	circular muscles contract	radial muscles contract
C	suspensory ligaments tighten	suspensory ligaments tighten	circular muscles relax	radial muscles contract
D	lens becomes round	ciliary muscles contract	circular muscles contract	circular muscles relax

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Which of the following statements about glucagon are false?

1. Glucagon reverses the effect of the hormone glycogen
2. Glucagon is produced in the pancreas
3. Glucagon is secreted when blood glucose levels fall
4. Glucagon stimulates liver and muscle cells to convert glucose into stored glycogen
5. Glucagon is a polysaccharide
6. Glucagon is usually secreted soon after ingestion of carbohydrate-rich food

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The image below shows some of the structures in the eye. 

The circular and radial muscles can control the size of the pupil in the eye. 

How would they respond in the eye of a person walking from a brightly lit room into a dark one?

	radial muscles	circular muscles	pupil
A	relaxes	contracts	constricts
B	relaxes	contracts	dilated
C	contracts	relaxes	dilated
D	contracts	relaxes	constricts

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Which row of the following table correctly describes what happens in the body after a person consumes a can of sugary drink?

	role of the pancreas	role of the liver	effect
A	releases glucagon	converts glycogen into glucose	blood sugar levels rise
B	releases insulin	converts excess glucose into glycogen	blood sugar level falls
C	releases glucagon	converts excess glucose into glycogen	blood sugar level falls
D	releases insulin	converts glycogen into glucose	blood sugar levels rise

The image below shows a cell from the nervous system. The cell forms part of a reflex arc.

An impulse moves along the neurone from Q to P. 

What structures would be found at P and Q?

	P	Q
A	receptor	relay neurone
B	relay neurone	receptor
C	motor neurone	relay neurone
D	gland	relay neurone

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An athlete takes part in a marathon. 

What would be the effect of an athlete taking part in a marathon race on a hot, sunny day? 

	volume of water reabsorbed in the kidneys	volume of water lost from the skin	effect on hairs on the skin
A	less	decreases	lie flat
B	more	decreases	erect
C	less	increases	lie flat
D	more	increases	lie flat

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Which row of the following table correctly describes the effect of adrenaline in the body?

	pulse rate	blood glucose concentration	breathing rate
A	increases	remains constant	increases
B	increases	decreases	decreases
C	increases	increases	increases
D	decreases	increases	increases

The image below shows the structures involved in a simple reflex arc. 

Which of the following sequences correctly shows the order that an impulse passes through during a reflex action? 

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Four statements are given below. 

1. Neurotransmitters are released from vesicles.
2. An impulse is generated in the postsynaptic neurone.
3. An impulse arrives at the end of a neurone.
4. Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft.

Which of the following options correctly describes the sequence of events that occurs at a synapse?

A group of students set up an experiment to investigate growth responses in plants. 

In one of the experiments, they placed a plant shoot in a box with a small window allowing light to fall on one side of the shoot only.

Which of the following options correctly describes and explains what happened in the student’s experiment?

	response	cause	effect
A	positive phototropism	more auxin on side of shoot exposed to light	slower growth on shaded side of shoot
B	positive phototropism	more auxin on shaded side of shoot	slower growth on side of shoot exposed to light
C	negative gravitropism	even distribution of auxins	equal rates of growth
D	positive phototropism	less auxin on shaded side of shoot	faster growth on side of shoot exposed to light

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Which row of the table correctly outlines the cause of, and treatment for, type 1 diabetes?

	cause	treatment
A	inability of the pancreas to produce insulin	insulin injection
B	inability of the pancreas to produce insulin	controlling diet and regular exercise
C	inability of the liver to produce glucagon	glucagon injection
D	inability of the liver to produce insulin	insulin injection