Define the term surface area?
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Define the term surface area?
Surface are is the exposed area of a solid reactant.
Define the term concentration.
Concentration is the amount of a substance dissolved in a given volume of solution.
True or False?
Increasing surface area increases the rate of reaction.
True.
Increasing surface area increases the rate of reaction.
What is the effect of increasing concentration on the rate of reaction?
With an increase in the concentration of a solution, the rate of reaction will increase.
Why does increasing temperature increase the rate of reaction?
With an increase in temperature, the particles will have more kinetic energy, leading to more frequent and successful collisions, increasing the rate of reaction.
What has a higher surface area: powdered calcium carbonate or lumps of calcium carbonate?
Powdered calcium carbonate has a higher surface area.
Name the piece of equipment that can be used to transfer gas produced in a reaction to a measuring cylinder.
The piece of equipment that is required to transfer gas to a measuring cylinder is a delivery tube.
Define the term collision theory.
A theory that explains how rates of reaction depend on the frequency and energy of collisions between reactant particles.
Define the term activation energy.
The minimum energy required for reactant particles to undergo a chemical reaction.
True or False?
Increasing concentration increases the number of collisions per second.
True.
Increasing the concentration of a solution will increase the number of reactant particles in a given volume, allowing more frequent and successful collisions per second.
How does increasing temperature increase the rate of reaction?
Increasing temperature increases the kinetic energy of the particles, leading to more frequent and successful collisions with energy greater than the activation energy.
How does increasing surface area affect the rate of reaction?
Increasing the surface area of a solid reactant increases the rate of reaction because more surface area is exposed to the other reactant, producing a higher number of collisions per second.
True or False?
For every 10 degree increase in temperature, the rate of reaction approximately doubles
True.
As a rule of thumb for every 10 degree increase in temperature, the rate of reaction approximately doubles
State the relationship between the number of collisions and the number of particles?
The number of collisions is proportional to the number of particles present.
Define the term successful collision.
A successful collision is a collision between reactant particles that leads to the formation of product molecules.
Define the term catalyst.
A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being used up itself. It is regenerated at the end of the reactions.
How does a catalyst work?
A catalyst speeds up the rate of a reaction by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy.
True or False?
Catalysts are used up in a reaction.
False.
Catalysts are not used up in the reaction.
What catalyst is used in the Haber process?
Iron is used as a catalyst in the Haber Process for the production of ammonia.
Which group of elements is often used as catalysts in industrial processes?
Transition metals are widely used as catalysts.
True or False?
Catalysts are written as part of the chemical equation.
False.
Although catalysts are not part of the overall reaction, they may be written over the arrow in reaction equations, indicating the conditions.
True or False?
Only small amounts of a catalyst are needed in a reaction.
True.
Only small amounts of a catalyst are needed in a reaction as the catalyst is not used up.
Define the tern enthalpy change (ΔH). (Extended Tier Only)
The overall energy change in a chemical reaction.
Define the term exothermic reaction.
An exothermic reaction is a reaction where the products have less energy than the reactants.
OR
Energy is given out to the surroundings.
Define the term endothermic reaction.
An endothermic reaction is a reaction where the products have more energy than the reactants.
OR
Energy is taken in from the surroundings.
True or False?
An endothermic reaction has a positive enthalpy change. (Extended Tier Only)
True.
An endothermic reaction has a positive enthalpy change
Does an exothermic reaction have a positive or negative enthalpy change? (Extended Tier Only)
An exothermic reaction has a negative enthalpy change.
Explain the term activation energy.
Activation energy is the initial increase in energy, from the reactants to the peak of the curve, required to start the reaction.
What is the symbol for activation energy?
The symbol for activation energy is Ea.