What is the general equation for a metal reacting with an acid?
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What is the general equation for a metal reacting with an acid?
The general equation for a metal reacting with an acid is:
metal + acid → salt + hydrogen
True or False?
Only metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series will react with dilute acids.
True.
Only metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series will react with dilute acids.
Define the term salt.
A salt is the ionic compound produced when a metal reacts with an acid.
Give the balanced symbol equation for the reaction of calcium with water.
The equation for the reaction of calcium with water is:
Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
What is a displacement reaction?
A displacement reaction is one where a more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive one in a compound.
True or False?
Copper is more reactive than hydrogen.
False.
Copper is less reactive than hydrogen.
True or False?
Magnesium reacts rapidly with cold water.
False.
Magnesium reacts very slowly with cold water.
What are the products when potassium reacts with water?
The products when potassium reacts with water are potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
True or False?
Sodium is more reactive than potassium.
False.
Potassium is more reactive than sodium.
State the meaning of the observation "vigorous" for a metal-acid reaction.
If a metal-acid reaction is described as "vigorous", it means the reaction is rapid and intense
True or False?
A less reactive metal can displace a more reactive metal from its compounds.
False.
A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from its compounds.
What is a reducing agent?
A reducing agent is a substance that donates electrons in a redox reaction.
Give the balanced symbol equation for the displacement of copper from copper(II) oxide by zinc.
The balanced symbol equation is:
Zn + CuO → ZnO + C
Define oxidation in terms of oxygen transfer.
Oxidation is any reaction in which a substance gains oxygen.
Define the term displacement.
Displacement means the removal or replacement of one element/compound by another.
What is a spectator ion?
A spectator ion is an ion that does not participate in the chemical reaction and appears unchanged on both sides of the equation.
True or False?
Magnesium can displace copper from copper sulfate solution.
True.
Magnesium can displace copper from copper sulfate solution.
Define reduction in terms of oxygen transfer.
Reduction is a reaction in which a substance loses oxygen.
What is observed when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive one from a solution?
When a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive one, the less reactive metal coats the surface or falls out as a solid.
What does it mean if a metal "disappears" from a salt solution during a displacement reaction?
If a metal "disappears" from a salt solution, it means it has been displaced by a more reactive metal.
Give the name of a metal that is above carbon in the reactivity series.
A metal that is above carbon in the reactivity series is:
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Name a metal that is below hydrogen in the reactivity series
A metal that is below hydrogen in the reactivity series is:
Copper
Silver
Gold
Which metal is more reactive; zinc or iron?
Zinc is more reactive than iron.
Which metal is more reactive; aluminium or zinc?
Aluminium is more reactive than zinc.
What mnemonic can be used to remember the reactivity series?
One mnemonic to remember the reactivity series is:
“Please send lions, cats, monkeys and cute zebras into hot countries signed Gordon”
Potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, carbon, zinc, iron, hydrogen, copper, silver and gold
True or False?
The most reactive metal in the reactivity series is at the bottom.
False.
The least reactive metal is at the bottom of the reactivity series
What is rust?
Rust is the hydrated iron(III) oxide that forms on iron when it corrodes.
True or False?
Rusting requires both oxygen and water to occur.
True.
Rusting requires both oxygen and water to occur.
Define the term corrosion.
The term corrosion means the degradation or deterioration of a metal surface through a chemical reaction.
What does the presence of salt do to the rusting process?
The presence of salt (sodium chloride) speeds up the rusting process.
True or False?
Iron will rust if kept completely dry.
False.
Iron requires the presence of water to rust.
What is the process called where a more reactive metal is intentionally allowed to corrode?
When a more reactive metal is intentionally allowed to corrode to protect another metal, it is called sacrificial corrosion.
Define oxidation in terms of electron transfer.
Oxidation is the loss of electrons by a substance.
What is formed when zinc coats iron to prevent rusting?
When zinc coats iron, zinc carbonate (ZnCO3) is formed which protects the iron.
True or False?
Rusting weakens the structure and integrity of iron over time.
True.
Rusting weakens the structure and integrity of iron over time as more iron is lost.
Name some barrier methods that prevent rusting.
Some barrier methods that prevent rusting are:
paint
grease
oil
plastic
Define oxidation in terms of oxygen.
Oxidation is any reaction in which a substance gains oxygen.
Define reduction in terms of oxygen.
Reduction is a reaction in which a substance loses oxygen.
What is oxidised in the following reaction in terms of oxygen?
Zn + CuO → ZnO + Cu
In Zn + CuO → ZnO + Cu, the zinc / Zn is oxidised as it gains oxygen to become zinc oxide / ZnO.
Define oxidation in terms of electrons.
Oxidation is the loss of electrons.
Define reduction in terms of electrons.
Reduction is the gain of electrons.
What is oxidised in the following reaction?
Mg + Cu2+ → Mg2+ + Cu
In Mg + Cu2+ → Mg2+ + Cu, magnesium (Mg) is oxidised as it loses electrons.
Define the term spectator ions?
Spectator ions are ions that appear unchanged on both sides of a chemical equation and do not participate in the reaction.
Define the term oxidising agent in terms of electrons.
In terms of electrons, an oxidising agent is accepts electrons.
An oxidising agent is reduced.
Define the term redox reaction.
A redox reaction is when oxidation and reduction take place simultaneously.
What is the oxidising agent in the following reaction?
Cu + 2Ag+ → Cu2+ + 2Ag
The oxidising agent in the following reaction is Ag+ as it has been reduced / gained electrons.
Cu + 2Ag+ → Cu2+ + 2Ag