What happened to Harold Godwinson's army after the Battle of Hastings?
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What happened to Harold Godwinson's army after the Battle of Hastings?
The remainder of Harold's army fled to London after the Battle of Hastings, leaving William in Hastings awaiting the surrender of the Anglo-Saxon earls, who never came.
Who did the Witan declare the new King of England after the Battle of Hastings?
The Witan declared Edgar Aethling the new King of England after the Battle of Hastings.
True or False?
The people of London wanted to fight with William Duke of Normandy after his victory at Hastings.
False.
The people of London wanted to fight against William Duke of Normandy after his victory at Hastings.
Why did William Duke of Normandy march to London after the Battle of Hastings?
William Duke of Normandy marched his troops to London after the Battle of Hastings because he needed to force the Anglo-Saxon earls to surrender.
What potential problems did William Duke of Normandy face when leading his troops to London?
The potential problems William Duke of Normandy faced when marching his troops to London were:
Residents protecting London fortifications
Residents not willing to surrender to William
When William arrived in Berkhamsted did the Earls submit to William Duke of Normandy?
Yes.
When William arrived at Berkhamsted Edgar Aethling, Edwin, and Morcar all submitted to William. They all swore an oath of loyalty to him.
True or False?
Edgar submitted to William because he had little support from the Earls and was indecisive.
True.
Edgar submitted to William because he had little support from the Earls and was indecisive.
Why was Williams's position weak when he arrived at Berkhamsted?
Williams's position was weak when he arrived at Berkhamsted because his army was weak, he did not have support from the Witan and he was in enemy territory.
True or False?
The Earls were in a stronger position than William when he arrived at Berkhamsted.
False.
The Earls were in a weaker position than William when he arrived at Berkhamsted because they had lost their best warriors at Hastings and William's route cut off London from Northern support.
Which two Archbishops did William keep in their previous positions when he took power?
Stigand and Ealdred kept their roles as Archbishops when William took power.
Who became the Earl of Northumbria when William took control over England?
Gospatric became the earl of northern Northumbria when William took control of England.
Did William reward loyalty with political marriages when he took control of England?
Yes.
William did reward loyalty with political marriages when he took control of England. If Edwin remained loyal, William stated he could marry his daughter.
True or False?
William promised loyal Norman soldiers land for their service in the invasion force.
True.
William promised loyal Norman soldiers land for their service in the invasion force.
How much English land did William keep for himself?
William kept around a fifth of all the land in England as property of the King.
Define Geld Tax in Norman England.
Gled Tax is a land tax, originally raised to pay off the Vikings. It went to the king and was taxed on everyone. Willaim used the Gled Tax to pay his mercenaries.
What territories did William grant to William FitzOsbern?
William FitzOsbern was granted the territories of the Isle of Wight, Hampshire, and large territories in West England.
What reward did William give Robert of Montgomery after the Battle of Hastings?
Robert of Montgomery was rewarded with the title of the Earl of Shrewsbury after the Battle of Hastings.
Define Marcher earldoms in Norman England.
Marcher earldoms were territories along the border of Wales created by William to strengthen England's border defense.
Where did William create three new earldoms after the Battle of Hastings?
William created three new earldoms in Chester, Shrewsbury, and Hereford after the Battle of Hastings
Why did William create three new earldoms after the Battle of Hastings?
William created three new earldoms to strengthen the border between England and Wales.
True or False?
Roger de Montgomery was given the Marcher earldom in Hereford.
False.
Roger de Montgomery was given the Marcher earldom of Shrewsbury. William FitzOsbern was given the Marcher earldom in Hereford.
What Marcher earldom was given to Hugh d'Avranches?
Hugh d'Avranches was given the Marcher earldom of Chester because Hugh's father gave 60 ships to William's invasion force.
Did Marcher earls have to pay taxes to the king in Norman England?
No.
Marcher earls did not have to pay taxes to the king in Norman England. Marcher earls profited from their positions. This increased their loyalty to William.
Why were Marcher earls given the power to replace Anglo- Saxon churches with Norman- syle buildings?
Marcher earls were given the power to replace Anglo- Saxon churches with Norman- style buildings to attract Normans to settle in England.
Did Sheriffs in Marcher earldoms work for the earl or the King?
The earl.
Sheriffs in the Marcher earldoms worked for the earl, not the king. William trusted the earls to react quickly and firmly to disobedience.
Name two conditions March earls had on their power in Norman England.
Two conditions March earls had on their power in Norman England were:
The Marcher earls had to provide soldiers to William whenever he requested it
Their legal powers had limits
Why were Marcher earls allowed to create castles in Norman England?
Marcher earls were allowed to create castles because William believed that castles were crucial to enforcing his power in England. Marcher earldoms needed more military enforcement so they needed more castles.
Why were castles important to local government in Norman England?
Castles were important to local government in Norman England because they housed traders, law officials, and sheriffs.
Approximately, how many castles were built during William's reign?
During William's reign, the Normans built approximately 500 castles.
What is a motte, in a Motte and Bailey castle?
A motte is a mound of earth roughly five to seven metres high. This feature was fireproof and could be made quickly if the landscape naturally had a hill.
True or False?
The purpose of a keep in a Motte and Bailey castle is to house livestock.
False.
The purpose of a keep in a Motte and Bailey castle is to house the lord of the castle. It also had the best view of the surrounding area and the final point of defence.
Why did a Motte and Bailey castle have a moat?
A Motte and Bailey castle had a moat to protect the palisade from attacks. Norman soldiers could have dry and wet moats.
Did William create castles as a response to unrest in Norman England?
Yes.
William built castles in Norman England as a response to unrest. Towns like Exeter, Warwick, Nottingham and York resisted Norman rule
True or False?
Castles were symbols of Norman power and repression.
True.
Castles were a symbols of Norman power and repression. Castles reminded Anglo-Saxons that they were not free.
Define burhs in Anglo-Saxon and Norman England.
A burhs is a small town in Anglo- Saxon and Norman England.
Give three similarities between a burhs and castles in Norman England.
Burhs and castles are similar in Norman England because they :
Were built on high ground
Had a palisade
Had a ditch was dug around the structure
What was easier to protect in Norman England, burhs or a castle?
A castle.
A castle was easier to protect in Norman England because it was small and maintained by a lord. However, burhs were big and maintained by the public.