Consuming Energy Resources (Edexcel GCSE Geography: B (1GB0))

Topic Questions

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1a4 marks

Study Figure 5.

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Figure 5
The structure of Indonesia’s GDP, 2014

Calculate the value in dollars of agriculture (including oil palm).

Answer to one decimal place. Show your working.

(2)

.......................................... billion US$

ii)

Explain one piece of evidence from Figure 5 which shows that Indonesia is an emerging country.

(2)

How did you do?

1b4 marks

Study Figure 6, Figure 7a and Figure 7b.

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Figure 6
Rainforest in Indonesia is being cleared to make more room for oil palm plantations.

Figure 7a
Global demand is rising for products made using palm oil fruit

Figure 7b
Oil palm fruit

Explain two reasons why rising global demand for the products shown in Figure 7a has led to widespread rainforest loss in Indonesia.

(4)

How did you do?

1c2 marks

Study Figure 8a and Figure 8b.

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Figure 8a
Fossil fuel oil prices, 2005–2014

Figure 8b
Palm oil prices, 2005–2014

Suggest one reason why fossil fuel oil and palm oil prices often rise together.

(2)

How did you do?

1d4 marks

Study Figure 8a.

Explain two reasons for lower fossil fuel oil prices in some years.

(4)

How did you do?

1e8 marks

Study Figure 9.

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Figure 9
Environmental impacts of energy resource development in Indonesia

Assess the environmental impacts of exploiting Indonesia’s energy resources.

(8)

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3a3 marks

Study Figure 4 which is a map of the location of the Athabasca Tar Sands.

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Figure 4
The location of the Athabasca Tar Sands

Suggest two disadvantages of the location of the current mining area.

(2)

ii)

State one reason this area was the first to be developed for mining the Athabasca Tar Sands.

(1)

How did you do?

3b6 marks

Study Figure 5 and Figure 6 which shows a timeline for the Athabasca Tar Sands development and varying price of crude oil and its impacts.

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Figure 5
Timeline for exploitation of Athabasca Tar Sands

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Figure 6
The varying price of crude oil and the impact on tar sands

The Athabasca Tar Sands are an example of an ‘unconventional oil source’.

Define this term.

(2)

ii)

Explain why the rate of exploitation of the Athabasca Tar Sands has varied between 1967 and 2016.

(4)

How did you do?

3c4 marks

Study Figure 6 which shows the varying prices of crude oil per barrel in recent years in US dollars ($).

Explain one reason why the price of a barrel of crude oil can vary over time.

(3)

ii)

State one reason why international relations may affect the price of crude oil.

(1)

How did you do?

3d1 mark

Study Figure 7 which shows the percentage contribution of various economic activities to Alberta’s economy.

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Figure 7
Economic activities in Alberta - % contribution to the economy in 2014

Note: The oil industry and its supporters claim that 500 000 jobs in Canada (largely Alberta) depend directly or indirectly on oil and that this could rise to as many as 800 000 by 2025. Opponents of tar sand exploitation estimate the figure to be much lower at about 100 000 and point out that future growth is far from certain.

Calculate the percentage of Alberta’s wealth comes from energy production

(1)

................................................... %

How did you do?

3e8 marks

Study Figure 8 and Figure 9.

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Figure 8
Aerial photograph of tar sands development

Figure 9
Environmental Impacts of the Athabasca Tar Sands development and exploitation

The photograph and diagram show the environmental impacts of the Athabasca Tar Sands exploitation.

Using evidence from both resources, assess the view that the local impacts of tar sands mining are more severe than the global impacts.

(8)

How did you do?

3f8 marks

Study Figure 10 which shows conflicting views within different groups about developing and exploiting the Athabasca Tar Sands.

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Figure 10
Conflicting views about the development of the Athabasca Tar Sands

Choose 2 groups.

Assess the reasons why there are mixed views about the Athabasca Tar Sands development within your chosen groups.

(8)

Group 1 ............................................

Group 2 ............................................

How did you do?

3g12 marks

Study the three options below for how the tar sands should be developed in Alberta.

Option 1: Expand development of the tar sands beyond the existing mining area. Build further pipelines to the USA to support the economy of both Alberta and Canada. Invest in new technology to permit the development of deeper mines.

Option 2: Continue to mine within the current area. Only allow strictly controlled exploitation in new areas if TNCs guarantee to clean up after mining. Replant trees to provide new timber resources and recreational areas.

Option 3: Stop mining the Athabascan Tar Sands. Convert both existing and former mines to wilderness areas to be run by First Nation peoples. Develop strategies for diversification of Alberta’s economy. Provide more green renewable energy for Canada.

Select the option that you think would be the best long term plan for both Alberta and Canada as a whole.

Justify your choice.

Use information from the Resource Booklet and knowledge and understanding from the rest of your geography course of study to support your answer.

(12)

Chosen option: ...............................................

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4 marks

Study Figure 4. It shows a timeline of changing oil prices and Russia’s gross domestic product (GDP) per capita.

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Figure 4
A timeline showing changes in oil prices and Russia’s
gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, 1997–2017

Identify Russia’s maximum GDP per capita during the period 1997 to 2017.

(1)

US$..............................................................

ii)

Identify when the price of oil fell by approximately 50%.

(1)

☐	A	1997–1998
☐	B	2008–2009
☐	C	2009–2010
☐	D	2014–2015

iii)

Identify one economic cause of falling oil prices shown in Figure 4.

(1)

iv)

Identify one political cause of rising oil prices shown in Figure 4.

(1)

How did you do?

5 marks

Study Figures 5, 6 and 7 below which show Russia’s relationships with other countries.

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Figure 5

Selected European countries which bought Russian gas, 2017

Figure 6

Selected news headlines involving Russia, 2014–2018

Work started on the ‘Power of Siberia’ pipeline in 2018.
It carries gas from Russian gas fields to China’s border.
The gas is sold to China in a deal worth US$400 billion over 30 years.
The pipeline, paid for by Russian energy company Gazprom, is over 4,000 km long.

Figure 7

The new ‘Power of Siberia’ gas pipeline links Russia to China

Draw the bar for Poland on the graph below using data from Figure 5.

(1)

ii)

Explain one way in which the news headlines in Figure 6 could have affected sales of Russian gas to other countries.

(2)

iii)

Explain one way in which the ‘Power of Siberia’ pipeline shown in Figure 7 might affect sales of Russian gas to other countries.

(2)

How did you do?

4 marks

Study Figure 8 below which shows countries where Russian energy companies are developing new oil and gas resources.

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	Countries	Natural environments
1	Venezuela	Tropical rainforest and tropical grassland
2	Bolivia	Tropical rainforest and tropical grassland
3	Algeria	Mostly desert
4	Libya	Mostly desert
5	Iraq	Mostly desert
6	Uzbekistan	Mostly desert
7	Vietnam	Tropical rainforest

Figure 8

Selected countries where Russian energy companies are developing new oil and gas resources

Suggest two ways in which the natural environment of these countries could affect the cost of developing their oil and gas resources.

(4)

How did you do?

8 marks

Study Figure 9 below:

• NEED FOR NEW OIL AND GAS SOURCES
Russia’s own oil and gas companies need new sources if they want to maintain their production levels. Conventional sources will be running out by 2030.

• GEOLOGICAL CHALLENGES
Russia has shale gas sources including the Bazhenov shale. However, complex geology presents technical problems for Russian energy companies.

• OFFSHORE DIFFICULTIES
There are offshore oil reserves along Russia’s northern coastline. However, conditions there are difficult.

• POLITICAL ISSUES
Russia’s energy companies want transnational corporations (TNCs) from other countries to help them develop new oil and gas reserves in Russia. However, TNCs with headquarters in the US, UK and EU countries are no longer allowed to work with Russian companies.

Name of TNC	ExxonMobil	Shell	BP
Headquarters	USA	Netherlands (EU)	UK
Cancelled or postponed Russian energy projects	• Russia’s oil companies hoped Exxon would share its shale gas technology and experience. • Exxon has been exploiting US shale gas for many years. • In 2014, the US government told Exxon to stop working in Russia.	• In 2010, Shell agreed to work with Gazprom, a Russian oil company. • Together, they hoped to cooperate on a range of shale and offshore projects. • Because of the political situation, some of these plans were put on hold.	• BP planned to help Russian companies exploit new Arctic Ocean oil reserves. • BP specialises in exploring for oil in deep water with challenging weather conditions. • In 2018, BP said it would abandon some of its Russian plans.

Figure 9

Physical and political challenges for energy companies working in Russia, 2019

Using evidence from Figure 9, assess the challenges facing Russia’s own energy companies.

(8)

How did you do?

4 marks

Renewable and recyclable energy resources can be used instead of non-renewable fossil fuels.

Explain what is meant by renewable energy resources.

(2)

ii)

Explain what is meant by recyclable energy resources.

(2)

How did you do?

8 marks

Study Figure 10 below on the use of wind energy:

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Wind energy used by selected countries, 2017

Country	Land area (thousand km²	Wind energy as a % of all energy used	Energy output of existing wind turbines (gigawatts)
Germany	357	12	56
UK	242	7	20
China	9,597	4	190
Russia	17,098	<1	2

Wind energy use has helped some EU countries to reduce their carbon emissions in line with government targets.
In theory, much of the world’s energy needs could be met using wind power. Only a fraction of this potential is currently used.
In Russia, up to 9,000 gigawatts of wind energy is potentially available. However, millions of new wind turbines would be needed.
A wind turbine costs around £100,000. Also, new power networks are needed to transmit the electricity to where it is needed. However, costs will fall as the technology improves.

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Figure 10
The use of wind energy

Using evidence from Figure 10, assess the influence of physical and human factors on the development of wind energy resources.

(8)

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6a4 marks

Study Figure 5.

Consuming Energy Resources

Norway uses about 10 million tonnes of oil annually, most of it for transport.
A significant proportion of the energy Norway uses comes from HEP, including 95% of all electricity production.
Norway was the first country to use a carbon capture and storage (CCS) project. This works by trapping carbon dioxide from burning gas and storing it underground.
Although a small-scale pilot project, it offers hope for the future.

Figure 5

Energy use fact file for Norway

Calculate the percentage change in the use of energy from HEP sources between 1973 and 2015.
Show your working.

(2)

.................................................. %

ii)

State two pieces of evidence indicating that Norway is trying to reduce its carbon footprint.

(2)

How did you do?

6b2 marks

Study Figure 6.

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Figure 6

Oil production and domestic consumption in Norway, 1992–2018

Identify the year when total oil production was highest.

(1)

ii)

Identify which of the following is the best estimate of Norway’s total oil production per day in 1992.

☐	A	200
☐	B	1,500
☐	C	150,000
☐	D	2,000,000

(1)

How did you do?

6c3 marks

Study Figure 7.

Country	Oil exports as a percentage (%) of total oil production	Population (millions)	Land area (thousand km²)	Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (US $)	World ranking as an oil exporter
Norway	85	5	323	71,000	12
Russia	77	144	17,125	28,000	2
Saudi Arabia	88	32	2,150	55,000	1

Figure 7

A comparison of three major oil-exporting countries, 2016

Explain why Norway exports a high percentage of the oil it produces.

(3)

How did you do?

6d4 marks

Study Figure 7 and Figure 8.

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Figure 8

Information about Norway’s Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF)

Explain two social benefits for Norway’s people from selling its oil.

(4)

How did you do?

6e8 marks

Study Figure 9.

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Figure 9
Factors that may affect Norway’s future development of new offshore oil sources

Assess the challenges Norway faces in developing new offshore oil sources.

(8)

How did you do?

6f12 marks

Explain two energy efficiency strategies that can help fossil fuel supplies last longer.

(4)

ii)

Study Figure 10.

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Figure 10
Conflicting views about developing the oil resources around Norway’s Lofoten Islands

Assess the economic costs and benefits for local people of developing this oil.

(8)

How did you do?

6g12 marks

Study the three options below for Norway.

Option 1: Set an example to other countries by stopping oil production altogether.

Option 2: Use up existing oil resources but stop looking for new oil fields.

Option 3: Continue to explore and develop all new oil fields.

Select the option that offers the best future for Norway’s people and its environment.

Justify your choice.

Use information from the Resource Booklet and knowledge and understanding from the rest of your geography course to support your answer.

(12)

Chosen option ...................................................

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