Types of Formulae
- The general formula is a formula that represents a homologous series of compounds using letters and numbers
- Eg. the general formula of alkanes is CnH2n+2
- A homologous series is a group of organic compounds that have the same functional group, the same general formula and the same chemical properties
- The structural formula is a formula that shows how the atoms are bonded to each carbon atom in a molecule
- The displayed formula is a 2D representation of an organic molecule showing all its atoms (by their symbols) and their bonds (by single, double or triple bonds)
- The skeletal formula is a simplified displayed formula with all the carbon and hydrogen (C-H) bonds removed
Overview of the Formulae of Organic Compounds Table
Worked example
Drawing skeletal formulae of molecules
Draw the skeletal formula of the following molecules:
- CH3(CH2)3OH
- (CH3)2CHCH2OH
- CH3CH2OCH2CH3
Answer:
Worked example
Drawing displayed formulae of molecules
Draw the displayed formula of the following molecules:
Answer