Percentage Yield
- In a lot of reactions, not all reactants react to form products which can be due to several factors:
- Other reactions take place simultaneously
- The reaction does not go to completion
- Reactants or products are lost to the atmosphere
- The percentage yield shows how much of a particular product you get from the reactants compared to the maximum theoretical amount that you can get:
- The actual yield is the number of moles or mass of product obtained experimentally
- The predicted yield is the number of moles or mass obtained by calculation
- You will often have to use the following equation to work out the reacting masses, to calculate the predicted yield
- It is important to be clear about the type of particle you are referring to when dealing with moles
- Eg. 1 mole of CaF2 contains one mole of CaF2 formula units, but one mole of Ca2+ and two moles of F- ions
Worked example
Calculate % yield using moles
In an experiment to displace copper from copper sulfate, 6.5 g of zinc was added to an excess of copper (II) sulfate solution.
The copper was filtered off, washed and dried.
The mass of copper obtained was 4.8 g.
Calculate the percentage yield of copper
Answer
Step 1: The symbol equation is:
Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
Step 2: Calculate the amount of zinc reacted in moles
Step 3: Calculate the maximum amount of copper that could be formed from the molar ratio:
Since the ratio of Zn(s) to Cu(s) is 1:1 a maximum of 0.10 moles can be produced
Step 4: Calculate the maximum mass of copper that could be formed (theoretical yield)
mass = mol x Mr
mass = 0.10 mol x 64 g mol-1
mass = 6.4 gStep 5: Calculate the percentage yield of copper