Types of Network (OCR GCSE Computer Science)

Revision Note

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James Woodhouse

Expertise

Computer Science

Types of Networks

What are the different types of networks?

  • A network is two of more devices connected together with the purpose of sharing resources
  • There are two different types of networks
    • Local Area Networks (LANs)
    • Wide Area Networks (WANs)
  • For the exam it is important to understand the properties as well as the advantages and disadvantages of LANs and WANs
  • It is also important to understand the advantages and disadvantages of having a network 

What are the advantages of having a network?

  • Users can share resources such as printers and connection to the internet 
  • Users can access their files from any computer on the network
  • Communication can be made easier via email and social networks
  • Users can share files and folders easily such as central databases and spreadsheets
  • Servers can be used to provide centralised backups, updates and security

What are the disadvantages of having a network?

  • There is an increased security risk to data 
  • Malicious software can infiltrate the network and render it unusable
  • Servers and switches can provide a central point of failure, resulting in users not being able to complete tasks using their computer
  • Factors can impact the performance of the network such as the number of users and data on the network at one time

Local Area Networks & Wide Area Networks

What is a local area network?

  • A local area network (LAN) is a network which has a small geographical area (under 1 mile)
  • All of the hardware is owned by the company/organisation/household using it
  • LANs will use unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable, fibre optic cable or wireless connections (Wi-Fi)

lan

What is a wide area network?

  • A wide area network (WAN) is a network which has a large geographical area (over 1 mile)
  • They are a collection of LANs joined together
  • The computers on a WAN are connected via routers
  • The hardware used to connect the networks together is not all owned by the company/organisation/household using it.
  • Telephone lines owned by telecommunication companies are an example
  • WANs will use fibre optic cable, telephone lines and satellite to connect the LANs together

wan

Worked example

A travel agent has offices in two sites that are 10 miles apart. Describe the difference between a LAN and a WAN [2]

1 mark per bullet 

  • LAN is small geographical area
  • WAN is over a large geographical area 

or 

  • LAN (usually) has its own/dedicated infrastructure
  • WAN uses external / shared infrastructure or hardware

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James Woodhouse

Author: James Woodhouse

James graduated from the University of Sunderland with a degree in ICT and Computing education. He has over 14 years of experience both teaching and leading in Computer Science, specialising in teaching GCSE and A-level. James has held various leadership roles, including Head of Computer Science and coordinator positions for Key Stage 3 and Key Stage 4. James has a keen interest in networking security and technologies aimed at preventing security breaches.