1a2 marks
Briefly outline the meaning of the term succession in the context of soil ecosystems.
1b2 marks
State two soil qualities or characteristics that may change during soil ecosystem succession.
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Soil Degradation & Conservation (SL IB Environmental Systems & Societies (ESS))
Topic Questions
2a2 marks
Briefly outline the meaning of the term desertification in the context of soil ecosystems.
2b2 marks
Identify two soil conservation measures that can be implemented to prevent desertification.
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31 mark
Outline one effect of soil conditioning on soils.
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42 marks
In the context of agriculture and terrestrial food production systems, outline the meaning of the term marginal lands.
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17 marks
Explain why commercial industrialised food production systems generally tend to reduce soil fertility more than small-scale subsistence farming methods.
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29 marks
Evaluate the soil management strategies used by farming systems for soil conservation.
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13 marks
Explain how deforestation contributes to soil degradation.
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2a3 marks
Outline how soil degradation can be caused by human activities other than deforestation.
2b2 marks
Explain how allowing arable farmland to remain fallow (unused) between growing seasons might contribute to soil degradation.
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3a3 marks
The figure below shows information about desertification in Northern Africa.
Describe the distribution of the areas in Northern Africa where the risk of desertification is very high.
3b5 marks
Describe the impacts of desertification on local people.
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43 marks
Landslides are often triggered by intense rainfall following a hurricane.
The photograph below depicts a landslide occurring in Cusco, Peru as a result of substantial rainfall on a steep incline.
Galeria del Ministerio de Defensa del Perú, CC BY 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons
Outline one method farmers in Peru could employ to mitigate soil erosion on hillsides and why this method would be beneficial.
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