Syllabus Edition
First teaching 2023
First exams 2025
1 markBetween which structures do sensory neurones transmit electrical impulses?
From effectors to the central nervous system (CNS).
From effectors to receptors.
From receptors to effectors.
From receptors to the central nervous system (CNS).
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1 markWhere would myelin be found?
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1 markNeurotransmitters leave the presynaptic neurone and enter the synaptic cleft. After this, they travel across the cleft to a receptor on the postsynaptic neurone membrane.
Identify the processes that are required for this to occur.
| Neurotransmitters enter synaptic cleft | Neurotransmitters travel across cleft | |
| A. | Endocytosis | Diffusion |
| B. | Endocytosis | Active transport |
| C. | Exocytosis | Diffusion |
| D. | Exocytosis | Active transport |
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1 markStudy the diagram below.
Which of the following table rows correctly identifies I - VI?
| I | II | III | IV | V | VI | |
| A. | Acetylcholine | Acetyl-cholinesterase | Cholinergic receptor | Choline | Acetyl group | Acetyl-CoA |
| B. | Acetyl-cholinesterase | Acetyl-CoA | Acetylcholine | Cholinergic receptor | Choline | Acetyl group |
| C. | Acetylcholine | Cholinergic receptor | Acetyl-cholinesterase | Acetyl group | Choline | Acetyl-CoA |
| D. | Acetylcholine | Cholinergic receptor | Acetyl-CoA | Choline | Acetyl group | Acetyl-cholinesterase |
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1 markThe diagram below shows a sensory neurone connected to its associated receptor cells.
Which best describes the function of the structure labelled A?
Contains most cellular structures
Acts as an electrical insulator
Transmit impulses to the spinal cord
Transmit and recieve impulses to other neurones
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1 markThe diagram below shows a sodium-potassium pump within the axon membrane of a neurone.
What is the role of active transport in the transmission of nerve impulses by neurones?
Establishes the resting potential needed for impulse transmission by pumping sodium ions out of the axon and potassium ions into the axon.
Depolarisation of the axon by moving sodium ions across the membrane into neurone.
Establishes the resting potential needed for impulse transmission by moving sodium ions into the axon and potassium ions out of the axon.
Initiates the action potential needed for the transmission of an impulse by pumping calcium ions into the axon.
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1 markWhich line of the table represents a neurone at its resting potential?
| Concentration of ions inside neurone | Cell surface membrane permeability to Na⁺ | Level of activity of Na⁺/K⁺ pump | ||
| Sodium (Na⁺) | Potassium (K⁺) | |||
| A | high | low | high | active |
| B | high | low | low | inactive |
| C | low | high | high | inactive |
| D | low | high | low | active |
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1 markMembrane channel proteins are essential for the normal functioning of nerves.
Which process in nerves does not require a membrane protein?
Active transport of sodium.
Depolarisation during an action potential.
Binding of neurotransmitters.
Diffusion of neurotransmitters.
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