Cell Respiration (HL IB Biology)

An athlete ran 1600m on a treadmill and the speed intensity was varied throughout to simulate race conditions.

The athlete's blood was sampled every 60 seconds and the blood lactate concentration was measured as shown.

Which statement provides the most likely explanation for the blood lactate concentration between 3 to 5 minutes?

The influence of volume of starter culture on the rate of anaerobic respiration of yeast was investigated using the following experimental apparatus, the data is also shown.

Which of the following statements could explain the decrease in carbon dioxide production?

I. Oxygen is still present so the yeast respire aerobically.

II. The glucose source is depleted.

III. Accumulation of ethanol is toxic to the yeast.

IV. The starting cultures were different concentrations.

An investigation was carried out to study the effect of cyanide on ATP synthesis in a suspension of intact mitochondria. The graph below shows the results of the investigation.

Which statement best explains the trends shown in the data?

A respirometer was used to investigate the rate of oxygen consumption in aerobic respiration by germinating seeds.  The apparatus used in the investigation are shown.

Which of the following statements about the use of respirometers are correct?

I. There are ethical concerns with using any live organism.

II. The water bath is maintained at 25^•C because slight variations in temperature can affect air pressure.

III. The temperature of the water bath can be altered to investigate how temperature affects the rate of respiration.

IV. As CO₂ is absorbed by the KOH, the air pressure is reduced inside the sealed chamber (labelled 2). 

Some students were investigating the production of carbon dioxide from anaerobic respiration in yeast at different temperatures. They had access to the apparatus to carry out two different methods.

Method 1: Using a gas syringe, students collected gas produced by yeast at different temperatures.

Method 2: Using limewater and a delivery tube, students counted the number of bubbles of gas produced by the yeast at different temperatures, and used limewater to show that it was carbon dioxide.

Which method should the students use and why?

In an investigation into the impact of enzyme inhibition on respiration, scientists used a molecule to inhibit transcription of the gene that codes for the enzyme LDHA.

Using the diagram, identify the likely effect this would have on the process of respiration.

1. Increased production of lactic acid
2. A build up of pyruvate in anaerobic conditions
3. Increased activity of the Krebs cycle in aerobic conditions

The diagram shows the electron transport chain in the membrane of the mitochondria.

Cyanide is a poison which causes cell death through inhibition of the final electron transport protein when it binds as shown in the diagram.

Which statements correctly describe the impact of cyanide binding to the final transport protein.

1. A decrease in pH of the intermembrane space
2. A decrease in production of H₂O
3. An increase in electrochemical gradient
4. Inhibition of ATP synthesis

From each molecule of substance X (in the diagram), how many molecules of ATP can be produced?

Which of the following statements about the Krebs cycle are correct?

1. NAD is oxidised and returned to the link reaction
2. Citrate is decarboxylated to form a 6 carbon molecule
3. FADH₂ is produced and sent to the electron transport chain
4. Oxidation of acetyl groups is coupled to reduction of hydrogen carriers.

The following steps describe processes involved in oxidative phosphorylation.

1. Redox reactions drive the movement of protons across the cristae to the intermembrane space
2. Oxygen molecules combine with protons and electrons to form water
3. NADH and FADH donate electrons to the first transport protein in the chain
4. Hydrogen ions (protons) are also released as the coenzymes are oxidised
5. A high concentration of protons in the intermembrane space creates an electrochemical gradient
6. Electrons move down the proteins in a series of redox reactions
7. Protons move down the electrochemical gradient through enzyme ATP synthase

Which of the following shows the correct sequence for these steps?

What happens when ATP is converted to ADP? 

Which of the following correctly describe anaerobic respiration in yeast vs. mammalian cells? 

Which of the following is not considered an advantage of anaerobic respiration?

The diagram below shows a respirometer used to measure the respiration rate of germinating bean seeds.

What direction will the manometer fluid move and what is the role of the liquid placed in the bottom of each tube? 

The rate of oxygen consumption was compared in yeast cells incubated with and without glucose at three different temperatures under aerobic conditions. The yeast cells were incubated for a period of 3 minutes during which the rate of O₂ consumption was measured with an O₂ sensor.

What can be concluded from the results of this experiment?

Which of the following is not an ethical consideration you should take when working on experiments that use a respirometer to measure respiration rate?

Which of the following require ATP? 

1.  Making DNA, RNA and proteins.
2.  Active transport of ions across membranes.
3.  Osmosis.
4.  Muscle contractions.

Which of the following statements correctly describe aerobic and anaerobic cell respiration in some organisms?

The diagram shows a typical respirometer set-up.

What is the solution at the bottom of the tubes and what is its function?

Which row best describes an oxidation reaction?

Which of the following best shows the reduction of NAD?

Which statements correctly describe phosphorylation and dephosphorylation reactions?

1. The phosphorylation of ADP is an endergonic reaction.
2. The dephosphorylation of ATP is an endergonic reaction.
3. The phosphorylation of ADP is a hydrolysis reaction.
4. The dephosphorylation of ATP is a hydrolysis reaction.

Which row shows the products of glycolysis?

The diagram below shows a simplified Krebs cycle.

How many times does decarboxylation occur during the Krebs cycle?

 Which of the following is true of oxidative phosphorylation?

1. It is the last stage of aerobic respiration.
2. It takes place on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
3. It involves chemiosmosis.
4. It involves the electron transport chain.

The diagram below represents a simplified version of the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.

Which row correctly describes the events labelled 1-4 above?

The diagram below shows a mitochondrion.

Where in this organelle is ATP synthase found?

Which row correctly shows the features of a mitochondrion that can be observed and labelled on a drawing using a transmission electron microscope (TEM)?