O LevelPhysicsCambridgeTopic Questions5. Nuclear Physics5.1 The Nuclear Model of the Atom

The Nuclear Model of the Atom (Cambridge O Level Physics)

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1
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Hydrogen is an element with one proton. It has three different isotopes.  


Which statement about the three Hydrogen isotopes is correct?

  • They must have different numbers of electrons orbiting their nucleus.

  • They must all have one proton in their nuclei.

  • They must all have one neutron in their nuclei.

  • They must all have the same number of nucleons in their nucleus.

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The nuclide notation for a generic element is given below:

      bold X presubscript straight Z presuperscript straight A   

Which of the following is the correct definition of each of the terms?

 

X

A

Z

A

symbol

nucleon number

proton number

B

symbol

proton number

nucleon number

C

symbol

neutron number

proton number

D

nucleon number

proton number

neutron number

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An atom consists of electrons orbiting a nucleus. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons.

For the atom to be neutral, which statement about the atom must be correct?

  • The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons.

  • The number of protons is equal to the number of neutrons.

  • The number of electrons, protons and neutrons are all different.

  • The number of electrons is equal to the number of neutrons.

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The charge on an electron is -e.

Which answer below correctly describes the charge of a proton and the charge on a neutron?

 

Proton

Neutron

A

0

+e

B

+e

-e

C

+e

0

D

-e

+e

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Uranium is represented as:

space bold U presubscript 92 presuperscript 235

Which of the answers below could be an isotope of Uranium?

  • straight U presubscript 91 presuperscript 235

  • begin mathsize 24px style straight U presubscript 92 presuperscript 238 end style

  • begin mathsize 24px style straight U presubscript 235 presuperscript 92 end style

  • begin mathsize 24px style straight U presubscript 90 presuperscript 235 end style

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Nuclear reactions can release huge amounts of energy.

Which nuclear reaction takes place in the sun and which nuclear reaction takes place in a nuclear power station?

 

The Sun

A nuclear power station

A

fusion

fusion

B

fusion

fission

C

fission

fission

D

fission

fusion

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In 1911 Rutherford performed an experiment that provided evidence for the nuclear atom.

Which of the diagrams below best represents this experiment?

AqGz6M08_q2-hard-mcq-5-1-the-nuclear-modelof-atom-cie-igcse-physics

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Fusion is a type of nuclear reaction.

Which term below is a correct statement about nuclear fusion?

  • It occurs in nuclear power stations.

  • It involves a larger nucleus decaying into two (or more) smaller nuclides.

  • Uranium is a type of fuel for nuclear fusion.

  • Light nuclei (such as hydrogen and helium) fuse together, releasing energy in the process.

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In Rutherford's experiment, α-particles were fired at a thin metal foil. This is shown in the image below.

q5-hard-mcq-5-1-the-nuclear-modelof-atom-cie-igcse-physics

Why are α-particles used rather than neutrons?

  • They are positively charged, which causes them to repel when they pass close to a nucleus.

  • They are very small in diameter, and so are less likely to interact with a nucleus.

  • They travel more slowly.

  • They are heavier.

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An atom of Helium has the following nuclide symbol:

bold He presubscript 2 presuperscript 4

Which of the following diagrams best represents a neutral atom of Helium?

q1-medium-mcq-5-1-the-nuclear-modelof-atom-cie-igcse-physics

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How many neutrons are in a nucleus of Aluminium? The chemical symbol is given below:

CijCCrn0_q2-medium-mcq-5-1-the-nuclear-modelof-atom-cie-igcse-physics

  • 13

  • 27

  • 14

  • 40

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Below are the symbols for four different nuclides.

q3-medium-mcq-5-1-the-nuclear-modelof-atom-cie-igcse-physics

Which two nuclides are isotopes of the same element?

  • Nuclide 1 and nuclide 4.

  • Nuclide 1, nuclide 3 and nuclide 4

  • Nuclide 2 and nuclide 3

  • Nuclide 2 and nuclide 4

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A nitrogen atom loses an electron. 

What is it called now?

  • An atom

  • An isotope

  • A negative ion

  • A positive ion

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How many neutrons are in one neutral atom of the krypton isotope Kr presubscript 36 presuperscript 84?

  • 36

  • 48

  • 84

  • 120

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straight C presubscript 6 presuperscript 14 represents a nuclide of the element carbon and straight N presubscript 7 presuperscript 14represents a nuclide of the element nitrogen.

How is a neutral atom of straight N presubscript 7 presuperscript 14 different to a neutral atom of straight C presubscript 6 presuperscript 14?

  • The nitrogen atom has one electron fewer than the carbon atom.

  • The nitrogen atom has one neutron more than the carbon atom.

  • The nitrogen atom has one proton fewer than the carbon atom.

  • The nitrogen atom has one proton more than the carbon atom.

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