O LevelPhysicsCambridgeTopic Questions2. Thermal Physics2.1 Kinetic Particle Model of Matter

Kinetic Particle Model of Matter (Cambridge O Level Physics)

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1
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Descriptions of two different states of matter are shown below. 

To which state of matter do each of the descriptions fit?

X: the molecules are very close together, in fixed positions. They vibrate around these fixed positions.

Y: the molecules move rapidly and randomly in straight lines until they collide with something. The molecules are spaced apart very far.

   

 

State X

State Y

A

solid

liquid

B

solid

gas

C

liquid

gas

D

gas

liquid

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2
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The diagrams represent the molecules in two different states of matter. The arrows show the motion of the molecules.

2-1-5-e-molecules-states-of-matter

Which state represents a solid?

  • state 1

  • neither

  • both

  • state 2

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1
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A whale takes a breath at the surface of the ocean, where the pressure is 1.00 × 105 Pa. It then dives to a depth where the pressure is 1.21 × 105 Pa. The temperature is the same at this depth as it is at the surface.

q1-hard-mcq-2-1-simple-kinetic-cie-igcse-physics

The whale lets out a bubble of air of volume 50 cm3. This bubble rises to the surface of the ocean.

What is the volume of the bubble when it reaches the surface?

  • 41.3 cm3

  • 60.5 cm3

  • 50.0 cm3

  • 21.0 cm3

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2
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A syringe is half filled with air and sealed. The plunger is then pulled outwards, causing the volume of the gas to increase.

This is done slowly, so that the expansion happens at a constant temperature.

What happens to the pressure of the gas, and to the speed of the air molecules?

 

Pressure inside syringe

Speed of air molecules

A

stays the same

stays the same

B

increases

decreases

C

decreases

stays the same

D

decreases

decreases

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1
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Air is trapped inside a cylinder. The volume of the cylinder cannot change.

The temperature of the air is increased.

Which of the graphs below shows the correct relationship between pressure and temperature?

q2-medium-mcq-2-1-simple-kinetic-cie-igcse-physics

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2
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A beaker of water, at its boiling point of 100 oC, is heated so that the liquid starts to become a gas, also at 100 oC.

Which row of the table correctly compares the liquid phase with the gas phase under these conditions?

 

Average distance between the particles

Average speed of the particles

A

the same in the liquid and the gas

the same in the liquid and the gas

B

greater in the liquid

greater in the gas

C

greater in the gas

greater in the liquid

D

greater in the gas

the same in the liquid and the gas

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3
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A sealed yet empty (except for air) plastic drinks bottle is left outside in the sunshine on a warm day.

Which row of the table correctly describes what happens to the average speed of the air molecules, and to the pressure inside the bottle?

 

Average speed of particles

Pressure inside bottle

A

increases

increases

B

increases

decreases

C

decreases

increases

D

decreases

decreases

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4
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A car tyre is inflated with air.

As the car drives, the temperature of the tyre increases, which also causes the temperature of the air inside the tyre to increase. This increases the pressure of the air inside the tyre.

Which of the following is a correct explanation as to why?

  • The mass of air inside the tyre has increased.

  • The area of the tyre has decreased, thus increasing the pressure.

  • The air molecules collide with each other less frequently.

  • The average kinetic energy of the air molecules has increased.

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5
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A sealed piston is used to expand a gas. No gas escapes during the process.

q3-easy-mcq-2-1-simple-kinetic-cie-igcse-physics

What happens to both the density of the gas and to its pressure when it is expanded in this way?

 

Density

Pressure

A

stays the same

stays the same

B

increases

decreases

C

decreases

stays the same

D

decreases

decreases

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6
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A sealed gas syringe contains a fixed mass of gas. 

q10-cie-ol-physics-paper-1-2021-mcq

The piston is moved and the volume of the gas doubles. The temperature of the gas does not change. 

What happens to the pressure of the gas?

  • halves 

  • no change

  • doubles 

  • triples 

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7
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A gas is in a sealed container of constant volume. The gas is heated and the pressure of the gas on the walls of the container increases.

How do the particles of the gas cause this increase in pressure?

  • They expand.

  • They hit each other more frequently.

  • They hit the container walls more frequently.

  • They vibrate faster

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