IGCSEChemistry: Double ScienceEdexcelTopic Questions1. Principles of Chemistry1.6 Ionic Bonding

Ionic Bonding (Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry: Double Science)

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Hard
1a4 marks

This question is about ionic compounds.

a)
The table shows the formulae of some positive and negative ions, and the formulae of some compounds containing these ions.

  Mg2+ Al3+ NH4+
S2- MgS Al2S3  
NO3-   Al(NO3)3 NH4NO3
CO32- MgCO3   (NH4)2CO3

i)
Complete the table by giving the three missing formulae.

[3]

ii)
Give the name of the compound with the formula NH4NO3

[1]

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1b5 marks
b)
Sodium oxide, Na2O, is an ionic compound.

The sodium and oxide ions are held together by ionic bonds.

i)
State the meaning of the term ionic bond.

[2]

ii)
The diagram shows the arrangement of the electrons in a sodium atom and in an oxygen atom.

2020-ja1c-q4b

Draw diagrams in the boxes to show the arrangement of the electrons in the ions of sodium oxide. 
Include the charges on the ions.

[3]

2020-ja1c-q4bii

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1a3 marks

This question is about sodium oxide, Na2O

a)
The diagram shows the electronic configuration of atoms of sodium and oxygen.
 

sodium-electron-configuration-edexcel-igcse

oxygen-electron-configuration-edexcel-igcse

Sodium

Oxygen
 
Describe the changes in the electronic configuration of the atoms of sodium and oxygen to form the ions in sodium oxide.
 
(3)

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1b
Sme Calculator1 mark
b)
Calculate the relative formula mass (Mr) of sodium oxide, Na2O, using information from the Periodic Table.
 
(1)
 
Mr = ..............................

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1c2 marks
c)
Explain why solid sodium oxide does not conduct electricity.
(2)

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1d2 marks
d)
Give a test to show that sodium oxide contains sodium ions.
 
(2)

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1e1 mark
e)
When sodium oxide is heated it reacts to form sodium metal and sodium peroxide, Na2O2
 
Complete the equation for this reaction.
 
(1)
 
   Na2O →

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21 mark

What is the formula of potassium sulfate?

(1)

  ☐ A K2(SO4)2
  ☐ B K(SO4)2
  ☐ C K2SO4
  ☐ D KSO4

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3a3 marks

The diagram shows the arrangement of electrons in an atom of calcium and in an atom of chlorine.

dot-and-cross-calcium-and-chlorine

a)
Describe, in terms of electrons, what happens when calcium reacts with chlorine to form the ionic compound calcium chloride, CaCl2

(3)

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3b4 marks
b)
Describe tests to show that an aqueous solution of calcium chloride contains calcium ions and chloride ions.

(4)

calcium ions: ......................................................................

chloride ions:  ......................................................................

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3c5 marks
c)
Solid calcium chloride does not conduct electricity. Aqueous solutions of calcium chloride do conduct electricity.
A student uses this method to investigate how the conductivity of a solution changes when calcium chloride is dissolved in pure water.
 
Step 1 add 100 cm3 of pure water to a beaker
Step 2 add one spatula of solid calcium chloride to the beaker
Step 3 stir the solution
Step 4 measure the conductivity of the solution
Step 5 repeat until nine spatulas of solid calcium chloride have been added
 
The table shows the student’s results.
 
Number of spatulas of calcium chloride Conductivity of solution in arbitrary units
0 0
1 6
2 12
3 12
4 24
5 30
6 36
7 36
8 36
9 36

i)
Plot the results on the grid and draw two straight lines of best fit.
Ignore the anomalous result.

solubility-graph

(3)

ii)
State the trend shown on the graph for the first six spatulas of calcium chloride.

(1)

iii)
Suggest an error the student could have made to cause the anomalous result.

(1)

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3d2 marks
d)
Describe another way to make solid calcium chloride conduct electricity.

(2)

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41 mark

The table below shows the properties of four substances, W, X, Y and Z.

Substance Melting point Boiling point  Conducts electricity when
  / o C / o C solid  liquid
W 3410 5930 yes yes
X 801 1413 no yes
Y 3550 4830 no no
Z -91 98 no no

Use the information in the table to identify the substance that is an ionic compound.

(1)

  ☐ A substance W
  ☐ B substance X
  ☐ C substance Y
  ☐ D substance Z

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5a3 marks

The formation of ions and covalent bonds involves electrons.
The table gives the electronic configurations of atoms of hydrogen, lithium and chlorine.

 

Element  Electronic configuration of atom
hydrogen 1
lithium  2.1
chlorine   2.8.7

a)
Describe the different roles of electrons in the formation of

  • ions in lithium chloride

  • covalent bonds in hydrogen chloride

(3)

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5b5 marks
b)
Explain why lithium chloride has a higher melting point than hydrogen chloride.
Refer to structure and bonding in your answer.
(5)

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61 mark

Which of the following dot-and-cross diagrams shows the correct arrangement of electrons in lithium sulfide?

(1)

  ☐ A li2s-bonding-option
  ☐ B li2s-bonding-option-b
  ☐ C lis-bonding-option
  ☐ D lis-bonding-option-d

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7a1 mark

This is a question about metals and their compounds.

a)
State one property of metals.
 
(1)

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7b2 marks
b)
Mercury is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature.
 
Describe the difference in the movement of particles in liquid mercury and in a solid metal.
 
(2)

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7c2 marks
c)
Magnesium is a metal that burns in air.
 
i)
State one observation made during the combustion of magnesium metal.
 
(1)
 
ii)
State one chemical property of the product of combustion that can be used to classify magnesium as a metal.
 
(1)

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7d9 marks
d)
In the absence of air, magnesium reacts with sulfur to form the ionic compound magnesium sulfide, MgS
 
i)
Give a reason why the reaction needs to be done in the absence of air.
 
(1)
 
ii)
Describe, in terms of electrons, the formation of the ions in magnesium sulfide.
 
Give the charges on the ions.
 
(3)
 
iii)
Explain why magnesium sulfide has a very high melting point.
 
(3)
 
iv)
Magnesium sulfide reacts with hydrochloric acid to form magnesium chloride and hydrogen sulfide gas, H2S
 
Give the chemical equation for this reaction.
 
(2)

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81 mark

Which of the statements describes ionic bonding?

(1)

  ☐ A Electrostatic attraction between atoms
  ☐ B Electrostatic attraction between positively charged particles and delocalised electrons
  ☐ C Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
  ☐ D Electrostatic attraction between the nuclei of two atoms and a shared pair of electrons

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91 mark

The diagram shows the electronic configurations of an atom of lithium and an atom of oxygen.

1-6-q5-edexcel-igcse-chemistry

Which statement is not correct about the changes in electronic configuration that occur when lithium and oxygen react to form lithium oxide, Li2O?

(1)

  ☐ A Two lithium atoms each lose one electron
  ☐ B One oxygen atom gains 2 electrons
  ☐ C A lithium ion has an electronic configuration of 2
  ☐ D An oxide ion has an electronic configuration of 2.6

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