State the stages of the enquiry process.
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State the stages of the enquiry process.
The stages of an enquiry are:
Identify questions
Select methods
Present data
Analyse data
Draw conclusions
Evaluate
What is the role of theories in urban enquiries?
Theories like urban models help explain patterns in data and identify where data differs from expectations.
True or False?
'How does the quality of the urban environment vary along a transect?' is an example of an urban enquiry aim.
True.
'How does the quality of the urban environment vary along a transect?' is an example of an urban enquiry aim.
What is a null hypothesis?
A null hypothesis states the opposite of the regular hypothesis to avoid bias in data collection. For example, 'Environmental quality does not improve with distance from the CBD'.
True or False?
All urban areas must be sampled.
False.
It is not practical to sample all urban areas, so strategies like systematic sampling along transects are used.
How would stratified sampling be used for urban area enquiries?
Stratified sampling ensures the sample represents the whole population, like 10% of a survey being over 65 if they are 10% of the local population.
What equipment is used for urban fieldwork?
Equipment includes:
Recording sheets
Surveys
Cameras
Noise meters
Maps
What risks are considered for urban fieldwork?
Risks of an urban enquiry include:
Weather
Traffic
Getting lost
Talking to strangers
Pollution
Why is random sampling appropriate for an urban environment enquiry?
Random sampling is appropriate. for an urban environment enquiry because all sites have an equal chance of being selected.
How are questionnaires used in urban enquiries?
Questionnaires gather opinions of locals through open/closed questions about issues like impacts of new housing.
What data do Environmental Quality Surveys collect?
Environmental quality survey data is quantitative, rating factors like pavements, litter and traffic at different urban sites.
How can photographs be used in urban fieldwork?
Photographs and sketches are qualitative data showing land use changes and features at sample sites.
What are the strengths of using bar graphs for data presentation?
Bar graphs summarize data well, are easy to interpret/construct, and show trends clearly.
What is a rose diagram used for?
Rose diagrams use bars along compass directions to plot data like noise levels.
What data are divided bar charts used to present?
Divided bar charts compare numeric values between categories like time periods.
What is a key limitation of divided bar charts?
Divided bar charts make it hard to identify changes, show actual values instead of just percentages, and are difficult to construct accurately.
What statistical methods can be used to analyse urban data?
Statistical methods used to analyse urban data include calculating the mean for variables like traffic counts or survey scores.
How are photographs/sketches analysed for urban enquiries?
Photographs and sketches provide qualitative analysis of land use features, changes due to new development, data collection methods, etc.
What should conclusions for urban enquiries include?
Conclusions should state if the hypothesis was proved or disproved. Anomalies should also be identified and explained.