What and where is London ?
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What and where is London ?
Located in south-east England, London is the capital city of United Kingdom
How many boroughs and districts does London have?
Referred to as Greater London, it is made up of 32 boroughs and 1 district.
Which part of London has 12 of the richest boroughs?
Inner London has 12 of the richest boroughs, including Kensington, Chelsea, Southwark and Westminster.
How much of London is covered with parks?
London has an estimated 3,000 parks, covering 20% of the city.
What does the term "polycentric city" mean?
A polycentric city is a city that has multiple central business districts.
What is the oldest part of London called?
The oldest part of London is known as the 'Square Mile' or 'The City', and inhabited since Roman times, it functions purely as a financial and trade district
True or False?
London fits into a concentric ring pattern.
False.
London fits more with the multiple-nuclei land-use model of Harris and Ullman.
When was housing built on the urban/rural fringe of London?
Housing was built on the urban/rural fringe of London in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s.
What type of housing is seen in London's inner city?
Terraced housing: such as housing around the dock areas and blocks of flats, can be seen in London's inner city.
Central London is home to how many residents and workers?
Central London is home to around 250,000 residents and employs 1.7 million people.
What is the definition of internal migration?
Internal migration is people moving in and out of London to or from other areas of the UK.
Define international migration.
International migration is people moving in and out of London to or from other countries.
True or False?
London has been affected by internal and international migration.
True.
London has been affected by internal migration (within the UK) and international migration.
What does net migration mean?
Net migration is the difference between the number of people moving into an area and the number of people moving out of an area.
State the meaning of ethnic enclave.
An ethnic enclave is a cluster of minority ethnic groups living in the same area, often seeking out others who speak the same language, have the same culture, traditions, and/or religion.
True or False?
London has experienced more outward than inward national migration in recent years.
True.
Overall net migration in London means that in 2018–2020, 34,000 more people migrated from London than to London, driven by domestic (internal) migration.
What was London's early function?
London's early function was as a seaport and commercial centre.
Define the term re-urbanisation.
Re-urbanisation is when former industrial land (brownfield sites) is renewed and residential and commercial land replaces the previous land use.
True or False?
London's population is older than the rest of the UK.
False.
London's population is much younger than the rest of the UK.
What is deindustrialisation?
Deindustrialisation is the process of decline in a country's or region's industrial activity.
Define the term containerisation.
Containerisation refers to the use of shipping containers for transporting goods, which led to the need for larger ships that could not be accommodated in the London Docks.
What was a major cause of deindustrialisation in London between 1960 and 1981?
Between 1960 and 1981, there was rapid deindustrialisation in London, especially around the dockyards, as containerisation led to the closure of the docks.
State the meaning of decentralisation in an urban context.
Decentralisation refers to businesses and shops relocating away from the city centre to the rural-urban fringe or edge of the city due to factors like high costs and limited space.
What is a business park?
A business park is an area on the outskirts of a city where many businesses and offices are located, often benefiting from lower costs, more space, and good transport access compared to the city centre.
Define the term commuter town.
A commuter town is a residential town where many residents commute to work in a nearby larger city.
What does brownfield site mean?
A brownfield site is land that has previously been built on and may be contaminated or underutilised, such as former industrial sites.
True or False?
The rise of online shopping has not contributed to businesses locating outside city centres.
False.
The increase in online shopping has led to more businesses locating outside the city, as they no longer need to be located near to customers.
What is the definition of a retail park?
A retail park is an area on the outskirts of a city or town with a cluster of large retail stores, often with ample parking space.
True or False?
The West End is the largest retail centre in the UK.
True.
The West End, including Covent Garden, is the largest retail centre in the UK .
What is decentralisation in the context of retail?
Decentralisation refers to the movement of shops and retail outlets from city centres to edge or out-of-town locations like shopping centres.
Define 'out-of-town' retail centre.
An out-of-town retail centre is a shopping mall or shopping complex located outside the central area of a town or city, often surrounded by ample parking.
What are some advantages of out-of-town retail centres?
Advantages of out-of-town retail centres compared to city centres include:
Cheaper rents
Larger shop units
Free parking
Multiple shops under one roof
Longer opening hours
Define the term e-commerce or internet shopping.
E-commerce or internet shopping, refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet.
True or False?
Internet shopping has made no difference to the number of consumers using retail high streets.
False.
The rise in internet shopping has reduced the number of consumers using retail high streets, forcing many shops to close.
What percentage of London shoppers arrive from overseas?
London's retail is of international importance, with around 25% of shoppers arriving from overseas .
Define sustainability in an urban context.
Sustainability in an urban context refers to practices and strategies aimed at meeting the environmental, economic, and social needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
How many new homes does London need to keep up with its population growth each year?
London needs 63,000 new homes a year to keep up with its population growth.
What is the Santander Cycle Scheme in London?
The Santander Cycle Scheme allows bicycles to be hired for a small fee, promoting sustainable transportation in London.
What is meant by congestion charges?
A congestion charge is a fee to reduce traffic congestion and emissions from vehicles entering certain areas of a city.
What does ULEZ mean?
The ULEZ (Ultra Low Emission Zone) is a pollution control zone in London where vehicles that do not meet emissions standards are charged a fee.
What does it mean for London to be a "National Park City"?
London was confirmed as the world's first National Park City in 2019, recognising its efforts to increase green spaces and urban wildlife habitats.
True or False?
The BedZED community in London was built from non-local materials.
False.
The BedZED community was built from local materials within a 35-mile radius, with the exception of windows.
What is a green roof?
A green roof is a roof that is partially or completely covered with vegetation, providing insulation and environmental benefits.
Define the term "grey water" in the context of sustainable urban living.
Grey water refers to wastewater from sources like sinks and showers, which can be recycled and reused for purposes like flushing toilets, reducing freshwater consumption.
How much does London hope to recycle by 2030?
London aims to:
Recycle 65% of municipal waste by 2030
Ensure zero biodegradable or recyclable waste goes to landfill by 2026
Reduce household waste by 20% per household