3.2 Coordination & Control – the Endocrine System

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1 mark

How are hormones transported around the body?

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4 marks

Finish these sentences to explain what is happening in the body of a female during the menstrual cycle.

The pituitary gland in the .............................. releases the hormone FSH.

FSH causes an .............................. to mature in a follicle.

FSH also causes the follicle to release the hormone .............................. .

After ovulation, the empty follicle releases another hormone called .............................. .

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2 marks

The diagram shows how the lining of the uterus changes during the menstrual cycle.

q20c-paper1f-june2018-ocrgcsebio

(i)

Mark on the diagram with the letter E the most likely point when ovulation occurs.

[1]

(ii)

If a fertilised egg is not present, a change happens to the uterus lining after 28 days.

How does the uterus lining change?

[1]

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6 marks

The table shows the effectiveness of some different forms of contraception.

Form of contraception	Percentage pregnancies per year (%)
Hormonal
Injection	<1
Patch	<1
Pill	2
Non-hormonal
Diaphragm	6
Male condom	2
Male sterilisation	<1

Suggest explanations for the differences in the effectiveness of the methods of contraception and explain why the pill is a popular method.

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2 marks

Hormones are used in some methods of contraception.

(i)

Which two hormones are found in the most commonly used contraceptive pills?.

Put a

ring

around the two correct answers.

FSH Insulin Oestrogen Progesterone Testosterone

[1]

(ii)

How does the contraceptive pill containing the two hormones prevent pregnancy?

[1]

How did you do?

2 marks

Contraceptive hormones can be used by women in different ways.

Method 1
One contraceptive pill is taken every day at around the same time of day for 21 days. Then no pill is taken for seven days.

Fewer than 1 in 100 women will get pregnant in a year if they use the contraceptive pill correctly. However, typically 9 in 100 women will get pregnant in a year.

Method 2
A contraceptive implant is a small flexible plastic rod containing hormones. It is inserted under the skin of a woman by a doctor or nurse. It is reversible and needs replacing after 3 years.

Fewer than 1 in 100 women using the contraceptive implant will get pregnant in a year.

Which method is more successful?

Evaluate the information to explain why.

How did you do?

4 marks

Non-hormonal contraceptive methods have different success rates in preventing women from getting pregnant.

(i)

Suggest one reason why sterilisation is not widely used in couples without children.

[1]

(ii)

The diaphragm is a circular dome made of thin soft latex with a flexible rim.
It fits inside the vagina forming a seal.

Suggest how a diaphragm acts as a contraceptive.

[1]

(iii)

The cervical cap is like the diaphragm but smaller. It fits over the cervix.

Explain why the success rate of the cervical cap would be lower than that of the diaphragm.

[2]

How did you do?

4 marks

(i)

Different hormones control the human menstrual cycle.

Complete the sentences to describe how the menstrual cycle is controlled.

Use words from the list.

Each word can be used once, more than once, or not at all.

fetus follicle FSH oestrogen progesterone

The hormone released by the pituitary gland is called ..................................... .

This hormone acts on the ovary and causes the growth of a ..................................... .

The hormone that maintains the lining of the uterus is called ..................................... .

[3]

(ii)

The table shows the concentration of oestrogen in the blood during the first 7 days of the menstrual cycle.