OCR Gateway GCSE Biology: Combined Science

Topic Questions

GCSEBiology: Combined ScienceOCR GatewayTopic Questions6. Global Challenges6.3 Monitoring & Maintaining Health

6.3 Monitoring & Maintaining Health

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1
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The blood contains lymphocytes. What is their purpose?

  • Transport of hormones

  • Phagocytosis

  • Production of antibodies

  • Sensitivity

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2
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Which of A - D best puts the steps needed to get a new medicine onto the market into chronological order?

  • Synthesis  → Identification of candidate molecule → Preclinical testing  → Lowest effective dose analysis → Clinical Trials

  • Identification of candidate molecule → Synthesis → Preclinical testing → Clinical Trials → Lowest effective dose analysis

  • Synthesis  → Identification of candidate molecule → Preclinical testing  → Clinical Trials →  Lowest effective dose analysis

  • Identification of candidate molecule  → Preclinical testing → Synthesis  → Clinical Trials →  Lowest effective dose analysis

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3
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Which of A - D is an example of a communicable disease?

  • Obesity

  • Cholera

  • Tooth decay

  • Rickets

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4
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Which statement A - D is false?

  • Fatty foods increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

  • Solid deposits called plaques build up in blood vessels and can cause blockages that lead to cardiovascular disease. 

  • Risk factors for cardiovascular disease can interact to further increase the risk of an individual suffering a heart attack.

  • Smoking is a major risk factor and has been proved to cause cardiovascular disease. 

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5
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The table shows estimated data about the global population and the number of deaths from HIV and tuberculosis (TB).

  Year
2000 2017
  Total population in millions 6143.5 7464.0
  Number of people with HIV in millions 36.1 36.8
  Percentage of total population with HIV 0.6 0.5
  Total number of HIV related deaths in millions 3.0 1.0
  Total number of TB deaths in millions 2.2 1.6
  Number of TB deaths in people with HIV in millions 0.5 0.3

Which is a correct conclusion from the data in the table?

  • Half of HIV related deaths were due to TB in 2000.

  • HIV became more life-threatening between 2000 and 2017.

  • People with HIV are more likely to die from TB than people without HIV.

  • The percentage of HIV in the population has increased between 2000 and 2017.

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6
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Doctors are able to offer a diagnosis and treatment targeted to a patient’s genome, known as genomic medicine.

Which is an example of the type of treatment used in genomic medicine?

  • Comparing patients’ phenotypes so the best treatment can be given.

  • Designing drugs that are specific to a particular variant of a gene.

  • Using genetic engineering to produce new drugs.

  • Using monoclonal antibodies to destroy pathogens.

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7
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When a person has measles they are unlikely to be ill again with the disease for many years.

What is the reason for this?

  • Antigens from the pathogen remain in the body.

  • Memory cells remain in the blood and can release antibodies.

  • The disease can now be treated with antibiotics.

  • White blood cells engulf the pathogens before antibodies are made.

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8
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The graph shows the number of reported cases of measles in England and Wales between 1940 and 2010.

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In which year was the measles vaccine likely to have been introduced?

  • 1940

  • 1952

  • 1968

  • 1982

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9
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The drawing shows a leaf from a tobacco plant that has tobacco mosaic disease.

q8-paper2f-nov2020-ocrgcsebio

What type of pathogen causes tobacco mosaic disease in plants?

  • Bacterium

  • Fungus

  • Protist

  • Virus

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10
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Tears and stomach juices are important in the body’s response to pathogens.

  Tears Stomach juices
A Acid Antibiotics
B Antibiotics Antibodies
C Antibodies Lysozyme
D Lysozyme Acid


Which row of the table correctly describes what substances are found in tears and stomach juices?

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11
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Which statement describes how vaccines work?

  • Cause the body to produce antibodies.

  • Cause the release of antigens.

  • Contain antiviral drugs.

  • Make platelets more active.

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12
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Which statement about health is true?

  • Health is the absence of disease.

  • A person who is free from disease must be healthy.

  • A person can have a serious disease and be healthy.

  • A person can be free from disease and not be in good health.

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13
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Which of these gives a correct risk factor for the named disease?

  Disease Risk factor
A bronchitis exercise
B cardiovascular disease diet rich in saturated fat
C type 1 diabetes alcohol
D cirrhosis of the liver smoking

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14
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What do most vaccines contain?

  • Antivirals

  • Dead or weakened pathogens

  • Specific antibiotics

  • White blood cells

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15
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Which is a definition of cancer?

  • An infection of foreign cells which divide uncontrollably.

  • Body cells that divide uncontrollably many times.

  • Body cells that lose the ability to divide and make stem cells.

  • Pathogens that grow and divide unchecked.

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16
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What does a vaccine contain that protects a person from infection?

  • Antibiotics that will attach to antigens.

  • Antigens that will stimulate antibody production.

  • Antibiotics that kill pathogens.

  • Antivirals that destroy viruses.

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17
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New drugs are tested using preclinical trials.

Which statement describes a preclinical trial?

  • One group of volunteers are given a placebo, another group the drug.

  • The drug is tested on human cells.

  • Volunteers are given a placebo only.

  • Volunteers are given the new drug.

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18
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What may a vaccine contain?

  • Antibiotics specific to the microbe

  • Dead microbes

  • Memory cells

  • Small numbers of live harmful microbes

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19
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New drugs are tested on humans, animals and tissues.

Which order is used when tested?

  • Animals – tissues – humans

  • Humans – animals – tissues

  • Tissues – animals – humans

  • Tissues – humans – animals

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20
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Why is it difficult to kill cancer cells in the body?

  • They are body cells and so the body’s defence system does not attack them.

  • They are foreign cells that are not destroyed by antibiotics.

  • They divide very slowly.

  • They hide inside other body cells, away from the body’s defence system.

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21
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Heart disease affects a large number of people.

Which factor contributes to heart disease?

  • Being a non-smoker

  • Lack of exercise

  • Low fat diet

  • Not drinking alcohol

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22
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Look at the table.

It shows the death rates from coronary heart disease (CHD) in the UK in 2008.

Death rates from CHD per 100,000 population
Age 55–64 Age 65–74
Men Women Men Women
175 47 443 179

In 2008 the total number of deaths per 100,000 in both age ranges was 844.

What percentage of these deaths were women?

  • 5.6%

  • 21.2%

  • 22.6%

  • 26.8%

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23
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Females aged between 12 and 13 are offered a vaccination for the human papilloma virus (HPV).

Which statement describes the reason for offering this vaccine?

  • Contracting HPV greatly increases the risk of developing AIDS.

  • Having the vaccination will prevent cervical cancer.

  • HPV can be treated with antibiotics but cervical cancer cannot.

  • HPV has been linked to about 70% of cases of cervical cancer.

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24
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Which is the most effective treatment for HIV?

  • Antibiotics

  • Antigens

  • Antiseptics

  • Antivirals

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25
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Heart disease kills thousands of people in Britain every year.

Why is it difficult to decide why a person gets heart disease?

  • Heart disease is caused by the interaction of many factors.

  • It is not possible to measure any of the risk factors.

  • Many microorganisms cause heart disease.

  • There is no genetic link to heart disease.

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26
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Which of these is an adaptation of white blood cells?

  • The ability to make clotting enzymes.

  • They can change their shape to pass out of capillaries.

  • They can synthesise antibiotics.

  • They lack a nucleus.

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27
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Which row on the table is correct for HIV?

  Destroyed by antibiotics Causes cervical cancer Sexually transmitted
A ✓ X X
B X X ✓
C X ✓ ✓
D ✓ ✓ ✓

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28
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Different diseases are caused by different pathogens.

Which row in the table shows the type of pathogen that causes each disease?

  HIV/AIDS Tobacco Mosaic Disease
A virus virus
B bacterium virus
C bacterium fungus
D virus fungus

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29
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Which of these examples of human defence mechanisms against disease is non-specific?

  • antibodies in the blood system

  • memory cells

  • hydrochloric acid in the stomach

  • lymphocytes

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30
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New medicines are tested before they can be used.

There are people that object to some forms of testing.

Which form of testing is likely to cause the least objection?

  • animal testing

  • computer simulation testing

  • human tissue testing

  • microbial testing

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31
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Stem cells are used in treating some medical conditions because they:

  • are unspecialised

  • bind to and immobilise pathogens

  • destroy cancer cells

  • differentiate into many different types of cell.

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