is produced by irradiating the stable isotope with neutrons.
Each nucleus of then decays into a nucleus of nickel (Ni) by the emission of a low energy beta-minus particle, one other particle and two gamma photons.
[3]
They add sheets of lead between the source S and a radiation detector T, to give a total thickness d of lead. S and T remain in fixed positions, as shown in Fig. 2.1.
Fig. 2.1
[1]
N | d/mm | ln N |
4300 ± 440 | 0 | 8.37 ± 0.10 |
2500 ± 250 | 10 | 7.82 ± 0.10 |
1400 ± 150 | 20 | 7.24 ± 0.11 |
800 ± 90 | 30 | 6.68 ± 0.11 |
500 ± 60 | 40 | 6.21 ± 0.12 |
300 ± 40 | 50 |
N and d are related by the equation N = N0 e–μd where N0 and μ are constants.
= – μ and y-intercept = ln N0.
- Plot the missing data point and error bar.
- Draw a straight line of best fit and one of worst fit.
[2]
Fig. 2.2
μ = ...................... ± ...................... m–1 [4]
d1⁄2 = ........................................ m [2]
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