AQA A Level Physics

Topic Questions

A LevelPhysicsAQATopic Questions6. Further Mechanics & Thermal Physics6.4 Thermal Energy Transfer

6.4 Thermal Energy Transfer

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11 mark

Which statement below gives the correct definition for the internal energy of a gas?

  • The thermal energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by one Kelvin

  • The sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of the particles in a body

  • The thermal energy required to change the state of 1 kg of mass of a substance without any change of temperature

  • The thermal energy required to convert 1 kg of solid into liquid with no change in temperature

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21 mark

A student places 200 g of water at 20 °C into the microwave. After being heated by the microwave the water is at a temperature of 75 °C.

The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg–1 K–1.

What is the thermal energy gained by the water ?

  • 46.2 kJ

  • 46.2 MJ

  • 79.8 kJ

  • 79.8 MJ

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31 mark

An ideal gas expands at a constant temperature. 

Which row of the table below is correct ?

 

Work done

Heating of the gas

A

B

C

D

Work is done by the gas

Work is done by the gas

Work is done on the gas

Work is done on the gas

The gas loses heat energy

The gas gains heat energy

The gas loses heat energy

The gas gains heat energy

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41 mark

The graph below shows how the temperature of a substance changes as it is heated.

6-4-mcq--q3-easy-aqa-a-level-physics

Which part of the graph represents the latent heat of fusion?

  • RS

  • ST

  • TU

  • UV

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51 mark

The latent heat of fusion of ice is 3.30 kJ kg-1. How much heat energy is required to melt 600 g of ice?

  • 1.98 kJ

  • 1980 kJ

  • 5.50 kJ

  • 5.50 × 10-3 kJ

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11 mark

An engine goes through 3200 cycles every minute. To maintain a constant working temperature, 126 J of energy must be removed by a coolant during each complete cycle of this engine. The temperature of the coolant rises by 22 °C as it passes through the engine.

Calculate the volume of the coolant that flows through the engine in one second.

        specific heat capacity of coolant = 3.8 × 103 J kg–1 K–1

        density of coolant = 1.1 × 103 kg m–3

  • 2.18 × 10-4 m3

  • 4.38 × 10-3 m3

  • 7.31 × 10-5 m3

  • 1.37 × 10-6 m3

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21 mark

A tyre has a fixed internal volume of 0.0120 m3. A portable air supply is used to increase the pressure of the tyre from 2.62 × 105 Pa to 3.23 × 105 Pa.

What is the increase in the internal energy of the air in the tyre as a result of increasing the pressure?

You may assume that the air behaves as an ideal gas and remains at a constant temperature of 25oC throughout this process.

  • 730 J

  • 1 100 J

  • 2 300 J

  • 5 800 J

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31 mark

A beaker of water with a submerged immersion heater is placed on the right hand side of a two-pan balance. The immersion heater is used to boil water at 100 oC and is connected to a kWh meter. When the water starts to boil standard masses are then added to the left hand side of the two-pan balance so that it is in equilibrium with the beaker of water. The reading on the kWh meter when the two-pan balance is in equilibrium is 8.0 kWh. A 300 g mass is then added to the right hand side of the two-pan balance, causing it to tilt. As the water boils off, the right pan rises until equilibrium is restored. The reading on the kWh meter when this happens is 8.3 kWh.

6-4-mcq-q3-hard-aqa-a-level-physics

If the immersion heater is 60% efficient, what is the specific latent heat of vaporisation of the steam?

  • 0.167 J kg-1

  • 1.67 × 105 J kg-1

  • 0.216 J kg-1

  • 2.16 × 106 J kg-1

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41 mark

The spring in a ball point pen has a mass 0.12 g is made from a material with a specific heat capacity of 450 J kg-1 K-1. To extend or retract the nib of the pen a force of 1N is required to compress the spring by 4 mm. When the spring is released 10% of the strain energy stored is converted into heat energy in the spring. 

Assuming that there is no heat loss from the pen, calculate the number of times the spring must be compressed and released to cause the temperature of the pen to increase by 1oC.

  • 135

  • 270

  • 2 700

  • 67 500

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51 mark

One mole of an ideal gas occupies a volume of 0.10 m3 at 40 oC. It undergoes a cycle which consists of 3 stages. Isothermal expansion to a volume of 0.4 m3 is followed by an isobaric compression back to a volume of 0.10 m3 and then the gas undergoes an isochoric process to return to its initial conditions. 

Which graph below represents this cycle?

6-4-mcq-q5-fig-1-hard-aqa-a-level-physics

6-4-mcq-q5-fig-2-hard-aqa-a-level-physics

6-4-mcq-q5-fig-3-hard-aqa-a-level-physics

6-4-mcq-q5-fig-4-hard-aqa-a-level-physics

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11 mark

1.2 kg of water at 20 °C cools to 0 °C and then freezes to form ice, also at 0 °C. 

What is the energy released during this process?

   specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg–1 K–1
   specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.4 × 105 J kg–1

  • 1.01 × 105 J

  • 4.08 × 105 J

  • 5.09 × 105 J

  • 3.07 × 105 J

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21 mark

Heat energy is applied at a constant rate to a solid material with a specific heat capacity of 1.8 × 103 J kg-1 K-1. The graph below shows how the temperature of the material varies with time as the solid melts and becomes a liquid.

6-4-mcq--q2-medium-aqa-a-level-physics

What is the specific latent heat of fusion of the substance?

  • 4.2 x 103 J kg-1

  • 4.2 x 104 J kg-1

  • 6.0 x 103 J kg-1

  • 6.0 x 104 J kg-1

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31 mark

The temperature of 250 g of water decreases by 7.2 oC when placed in a fridge for 25 minutes.  This container is then removed and a second container with 350 g of water, at 22 oC, is placed in the same fridge for 30 minutes.  

Assuming that the containers holding the water are identical do not emit or absorb energy, what is the final temperature of the water after 30 minutes? 

The specific heat capacity of the water is 4200 J kg-1 K-1

  • 11.9 oC

  • 13.4 oC

  • 15.8 oC

  • 28.2 oC

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41 mark

An ideal gas is kept at a constant pressure of 1.3 x 105 Pa.  When 24 J of heat energy is transferred to the gas its volume increases from 1.3 x 10-4 m3 to 3.6 x 10-4 m3. 

When the heat energy is transferred, the overall internal energy of the gas:

  • Increases by 6 J

  • Decreases by 6 J

  • Increases by 54 J

  • Decreases by 54 J

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51 mark

Which of the statements below is correct ?

  • When two systems are at the same temperature, they must have the same internal energy

  • The internal energy of a system can be increased without the transfer of energy by heating

  • When the internal energy of a system is increased the temperature always rises

  • The internal energy of a system is dependent only on temperature

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