The Genome
- A gene is a length of DNA that codes for a polypeptide/protein
- A genome is the complete set of genes present in a cell
- The full genome is present within every cell of an organism, but not every gene is expressed in every cell. Which genes are expressed depends on the cell type
- The proteome is the full range of proteins that a cell is able to produce
- The proteome is usually larger than the genome of an organism
- This due to the large amount of post-translational modification of proteins (often in the Golgi apparatus)
- Each gene is also capable of producing multiple different proteins via alternative splicing