Saturated & Unsaturated Compounds (CIE IGCSE Chemistry)

• Saturated compounds have molecules in which all carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds 
• Examples of compounds that are saturated are alkanes 
• Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula C_nH_2n+2

Alkanes contain only carbon-carbon single bonds so are saturated 

• Unsaturated compounds consist of molecules in which one or more carbon-carbon bonds are not single bonds
• They contain carbon-carbon double bonds (C=C)
• Examples of compounds that are unsaturated are alkenes.
• Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with the general formula is C_nH_2n
• The presence of the double bond, C=C, means they can make more bonds with other atoms by opening up the C=C bond and allowing incoming atoms to form another single bond with each carbon atom of the functional group
• Each of these carbon atoms now forms 4 single bonds instead of 1 double and 2 single bonds

Alkenes contain one carbon-carbon double bond so are unsaturated