Particle Model & Pressure | Edexcel GCSE Physics Paper 2 2018

1a1 mark

Figure 1 shows air inside a cylinder with a movable piston.

Figure 1

The piston is pulled a little way in the direction of the arrow, but stays inside the cylinder.

Which of these increases?

☐	A	The mass of the air inside the cylinder.
☐	B	The rate at which air particles collide with the walls of the cylinder.
☐	C	The volume of the air inside the cylinder.
☐	D	The pressure of the air inside the cylinder.

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1b6 marks

Figure 2 shows a rubber tube that can be used inside a bicycle tyre.

The tube is inflated with a bicycle pump.

fig-2-paper2h-june2018-edexcel-gcse-physics

Figure 2

(i)

The air inside the tube exerts an outward force on the wall of the tube.

State the angle that this outward force makes with the wall of the tube.

[1]

(ii)

It takes 4.8 litres of air from the atmosphere to inflate the empty tube to a pressure of 400 000 Pa.

Atmospheric pressure is 100 000 Pa.

Calculate the volume of air inside the tube.

Assume the temperature of the air inside the tube is the same as the temperature of the air outside the tube.

Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of this paper.

[3]

volume = ............................................... litres

(iii)

When a bicycle pump is used to inflate the tube, the air in the bicycle pump gets warm.

You should ignore any effects of friction in the pump.

Explain why the air in the bicycle pump gets warm.

[2]

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1a5 marks

Figure 4 shows a small piece of copper about 3 cm high.

fig-4-paper2h-june2020-edexcel-gcse-physics

Figure 4

A student wants to determine the density of copper.

The student uses a balance to measure the mass of the piece of copper.

i)

Explain how the student could measure the volume of the piece of copper.

[3]

ii)

The mass of the piece of copper is 0.058 kg.

The volume of the piece of copper is 6.5 × 10^–6m³.

Calculate the density of copper.

[2]

density of copper = .............................................................. kg/m³

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1b4 marks

A student wants to determine the specific heat capacity of copper.

Figure 5 shows a piece of copper, with a thread tied around it, in a glass beaker of boiling water.

fig-5-paper2h-june2020-edexcel-gcse-physics

Figure 5

The student leaves the piece of copper in the boiling water so that the copper reaches a temperature of 100°C.

The student uses the thread to take the piece of copper out of the boiling water.

The student puts the hot piece of copper into a different beaker of cold water at 20°C.

The apparatus is shown in Figure 6.

fig-6-paper2h-june2020-edexcel-gcse-physics

Figure 6

The student assumes that the thermal energy gained by the water equals the thermal energy lost by the piece of copper.

The water and copper both reach a temperature of 22°C.

The cold water gains 1050 J of energy.

The mass of the piece of copper is 0.058 kg.

i)

Calculate a value for the specific heat capacity of copper, using these results.

Use the equation

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature

ΔQ = m × c × Δθ

[2]

specific heat capacity of copper from these results = ................................ J/kg °C

ii)

The value for the specific heat capacity of copper obtained from the student’s results is lower than the correct value.

State two ways that the experiment could be improved to give a value that is closer to the correct value.

[2]

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1a1 mark

The particles of a gas exert a pressure on the walls of a container.

Which row of the table is correct when the pressure of the gas changes?

		pressure of gas	number of particles colliding with the walls of the container each second
☐	A	increases	stays the same
☐	B	increases	increases
☐	C	decreases	stays the same
☐	D	decreases	increases

Choose your answer

1b2 marks

Figure 3 shows an oxygen cylinder.

fig-3-paper2f-june2018-edexcel-gcse-physics

Figure 3

The volume of the gas in the cylinder is 2100 cm³.

When the gas is released into the atmosphere the volume of the gas is 8600 cm³.

The pressure of the atmosphere is 98 kPa.

Calculate the pressure of the gas when it is in the cylinder.

Use the equation

$P_{1} = \frac{P_{2} \times V_{2}}{V_{1}}$

pressure of the gas in the cylinder = ............................................... kPa

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3a2 marks

Figure 1 shows a syringe which contains air.

3-3-e-1a-bicycle-pump-piston

Figure 1

When the piston is pushed in, the volume and pressure in the syringe change.

State how the volume and pressure of the air change when the piston is pushed in.

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3b4 marks

Use words from the box to complete the following sentences about kinetic theory.

low	high	molecules	temperature	outsides
medium	ions	pressure	volume	sides

Molecules in a gas are in constant random motion at ............... speeds.

Random motion means that the molecules do not travel in a specific path and undergo sudden changes in their motion if they collide with the ............... of its container or with other ................. .

The ................ of the gas is related to the average kinetic energy of the molecules.

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3c3 marks

The syringe can be used as a pump to inflate a bicycle tyre where the air inside the tube exerts an outward force on the wall of the tube.

It takes 3.2 litres (l) of air from the atmosphere to inflate the empty tube to a pressure of 360 000 Pa.

Atmospheric pressure is 100 000 Pa.

Calculate the final volume of air inside the tube once inflated.

final volume = ................................... l

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3d4 marks

The air in the bicycle pump gets warm when a bicycle pump is used to inflate the tube.

Complete the sentences by circling the correct words:

When the air in the bicycle pump is compressed, the volume / pressure of the gas decreases and the volume / pressure increases.

This is because the particles are moving in less space and collide more often / less often / the same amount.

The increased / decreased pressure leads to an increase in temperature. This is because the temperature is a measure of the average kinetic / potential / thermal energy of particles.

When the air in the bicycle pump is compressed, this increases / decreases the energy in the kinetic / potential / thermal store of the air particles and contributes to the overall kinetic / potential / thermal energy stored in the system, this is why the bicycle pump gets warm.

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5a5 marks

Figure 1 shows a fixed mass of gas inside a cylinder with a movable piston.

Figure 1

(i)

Describe, in terms of gas particles, how the gas exerts a pressure on the cylinder.

[3]

(ii)

Figure 2 shows the same gas squashed into a smaller volume.

Figure 2

State what happens to the pressure the gas exerts on the cylinder when the volume of gas is reduced, as in Figure 2.

[1]

(iii)

State what happens to the gas particles when the volume of the gas is reduced, as in Figure 2.

[1]

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5b1 mark

A digital thermometer gives a temperature reading of 23°C.

Calculate the value of this temperature in kelvin.

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5c4 marks

A student changes the volume of gas in a container and notes the pressure for different values of the volume.

The results are shown in Figure 6 and plotted on the graph in Figure 7.

volume in ml	pressure in kPa
10	260
12	200
20	140
25	150
30	100
40	75
50	65

Figure 6

Figure 7

(i)

Identify the anomalous result plotted on Figure 7 by drawing a circle on Figure 7 around the anomalous point.

[1]

(ii)

Draw the curve of best fit on Figure 7.

[1]

(iii)

Describe how the graph in Figure 7 would change if the student repeated the experiment with the same mass of gas, at a higher constant temperature.

[2]

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5d3 marks

Figure 8 shows a small container of carbon dioxide at high pressure.

The pressure, P₁ , in the container is 8.00 MPa.

The volume, V₁ , of the container is 14.5 cm³.

fig-8-paper2f-june2019-edexcel-gcse-physics

Figure 8

The container is pierced and all of the carbon dioxide goes into a large balloon.

The volume of gas, V₂ , in the large balloon is 1160cm³.

Calculate the pressure, P₂ , in the large balloon.

Use the equation

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

pressure in the large balloon = ........................... MPa

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	Download	View
Easy
Medium
Hard

P	V	P × V
100	28.0	2800
123	23.0	2829
140	20.0	2800
160	18.0	2880
180	16.5	2970

Edexcel GCSE Physics

Topic Questions

14.2 Particle Model & Pressure

	pressure	number of collisions with the walls of the container every second
A	increases	stays the same
B	increases	increases
C	decreases	stays the same
D	decreases	increases

☐	A	hit the sides of the container less often
☐	B	hit the sides of the container more often
☐	C	move with lower speeds
☐	D	vibrate more energetically about fixed positions