Gibbs Free Energy & Thermodynamic Favorability (College Board AP Chemistry)

NaHCO₃(s) + HC₂H₃O₂(aq) → NaC₂H₃O₂(aq) + H₂O(l) + CO₂(g)

A student designs an experiment to study the reaction between NaHC0₃   and  HC₂H₃O₂ . The reaction is represented by the equation The student places 2.24 g of  NaHCO₃  in a flask and adds 60.0 mL of 0.875 M HC₂H₃O₂ . The student observes the formation of bubbles and that the flask gets cooler as the reaction proceeds.

Identify the reaction represented  above as an acid-base reaction, precipitation reaction, or redox reaction. Justify your answer.

Based on the information above, identify the limiting reactant. Justify your answer with calculations.

The student observes that the bubbling is rapid at the beginning of the reaction and gradually slows as the reaction Explain this change in the reaction rate in terms of the collisions between reactant particles.

In thermodynamic terms, a reaction can be driven by enthalpy, entropy, or both.

                        Enthalpy only                           Entropy only                               Both enthalpy and entropy

The HCO₃⁻ ion has three carbon-to-oxygen Two of the carbon-to-oxygen bonds have the same length and the third carbon-to-oxygen bond is longer than the other two. The hydrogen atom is bonded to one of the oxygen atoms. In the box below, draw a Lewis electron-dot diagram (or diagrams) for the HCO₃⁻ ion that is (are) consistent with the given information .

A student prepares a solution containing equimolar amounts of  HC₂H₃O₂  and  NaC₂H₃O₂ . The pH of the solution is measured to be 4.7. The student adds two drops of 3.0 M HNO₃(aq) and stirs the sample, observing that the pH remains at 4.7. Write a balanced, net-ionic equation for the reaction between HNO₃(aq) and the chemical species in the sample that is responsible for the pH remaining at 4.7.