1. Key Concepts in Biology

1.1 Cell Structure

1.1.1 Eukaryotic Organisms

1.1.2 Eukaryotic Organisms: Animals & Plants

1.1.3 Eukaryotic Organisms: Fungi & Protoctists

1.1.4 Prokaryotic Organisms

1.1.5 Specialised Cells

1.1.6 Microscopy

1.1.7 Practical: Microscopy

1.1.8 Using Units

1.2 Enzymes

1.2.1 The Action of Enzymes

1.2.2 Factors Affecting Enzymes

1.2.3 Practical: Enzymes & pH

1.2.4 Rate Calculations for Enzyme Activity

1.2.5 Enzymes as Biological Catalysts

1.3 Movement of Substances Into & Out of Cells

1.3.1 Diffusion

1.3.2 Osmosis

1.3.3 Active Transport

2. Cells & Control

2.1 Cell Division

2.1.1 Mitosis

2.1.2 Uncontrolled Cell Division

2.2 Growth in Organisms

2.2.1 Growth

2.2.2 The Importance of Cell Differentiation

2.3 Stem Cells

2.3.1 Animal Stem Cells

2.3.2 Plant Stem Cells

2.3.3 Stem Cells In Medicine

2.4 Co-ordination & Response

2.4.1 The Human Nervous System

2.4.2 Synapses

2.4.3 Simple Reflex Arc

3. Genetics

3.1 Reproduction

3.1.1 The Role of Meiosis

3.1.2 DNA & the Genome

3.2 Inheritance

3.2.1 Key Definitions

3.2.2 Predicting Genetic Inheritance

3.2.3 Inheritance of Sex

3.2.4 Polygenic Inheritance

3.2.5 Variation

3.2.6 Mutations

4. Natural Selection & Genetic Modification

4.1 Natural Selection & Evolution

4.1.1 Evolution by Natural Selection

4.1.2 Evidence of Evolution

4.1.3 The Three Domains

4.2 Genetic Modification

4.2.1 Selective Breeding

4.2.2 Genetic Engineering

4.2.3 The Process of Genetic Engineering

4.2.4 Evaluating the Use of Genetic Engineering

4.2.5 The Human Genome Project

5. Health, Disease & the Development of Medicines

5.1 Disease

5.1.1 Health & Disease

5.1.2 Pathogens

5.1.3 Common Infections

5.2 Defence Against Disease

5.2.1 Human Defence Responses

5.2.2 Immunity

5.2.3 Vaccination

5.3 Development of Medicines

5.3.1 Antibiotics

5.3.2 Discovery & Development of New Drugs

5.3.3 Lifestyle & Non-Communicable Disease

5.3.4 Cardiovascular Disease

6. Plant Structures & their Functions

6.1 Photosynthesis

6.1.1 Photosynthesis

6.1.2 Limiting Factors

6.1.3 Light & the Rate of Photosynthesis

6.1.4 Practical: Investigating Light & Photosynthesis

6.2 Plant Structure

6.2.1 Root Hair Cells

6.2.2 Xylem & Phloem

6.3 Transport in Plants

6.3.1 Transport of Water & Mineral Ions

6.3.2 Factors Affecting the Rate of Water Uptake

6.3.3 Translocation

7. Animal Coordination, Control & Homeostasis

7.1 Animal Hormones

7.1.1 The Endocrine System

7.1.2 Adrenaline

7.1.3 Thyroxine

7.1.4 Hormones & the Menstrual Cycle

7.1.5 Contraception

7.1.6 Hormones & Assisted Reproductive Technology

7.2 Homeostasis

7.2.1 Importance of Homeostasis

7.2.2 Regulating Blood Glucose Concentration

7.2.3 Diabetes

8. Exchange & Transport in Animals

8.1 Transport in Animals

8.1.1 The Need for Transport

8.2 Respiration

8.2.1 Respiration

8.2.2 Practical: Investigating Respiration

8.3 Gas Exchange

8.3.1 Adaptations of the Alveoli

8.4 Circulatory System

8.4.1 The Blood & Blood Vessels

8.4.2 The Circulatory System

9. Ecosystems & Material Cycles

9.1 The Organism in the Environment

9.1.1 Key Terms in Ecology

9.1.2 Abiotic & Biotic Factors

9.1.3 Interdependence

9.1.4 Parasitism & Mutualism

9.1.5 Biodiversity

9.1.6 Sampling Organisms

9.2 Feeding Relationships

9.2.1 Trophic Levels & Food Chains

9.2.2 Food Webs

9.2.3 Food Pyramids

9.3 Cycles within Ecosystems

9.3.1 The Water Cycle

9.3.2 The Carbon Cycle

9.3.3 The Nitrogen Cycle

9.4 Human Influences on the Environment

9.4.1 Human Impact on Biodiversity

9.4.2 Benefits of Maintaining Biodiversity