Methods of Implementation
Direct changeover
- The old system is replaced by the new system immediately
- Used when quick implementation is necessary
Parallel running
- Both old and new systems run simultaneously for a period before the old system is phased out
- Used when a smooth transition with minimal risk is required
Pilot running
- The new system is implemented in a small, controlled environment before full-scale implementation
- Used when testing the new system in a real-world setting
Phased implementation
- The new system is implemented in stages, with each stage replacing a part of the old system
- Used when a gradual transition is preferred to minimise disruption
|
|
|
|
|
Direct changeover |
Fast implementation, cost-effective as only one system is in operation |
High risk of failure, no fallback, users can't be trained on the new system, and no backup of the system |
|
Parallel running |
Lower risk, easy comparison of systems |
Time-consuming, resource-intensive |
|
Pilot running |
Low risk as only trialled in one department/centre/branch, allows for fine-tuning, staff have time to train with the new system, few errors as it's fully tested |
Slower implementation, potential inconsistencies, confusion as there are 2 systems in use, no backup for the department/centre/branch using the new system |
|
Phased implementation |
Reduced risk, easier to manage |
Takes longer, and potential compatibility issues |
Exam Tip
-
When discussing implementation methods in the Systems Life Cycle, make sure to consider the specific context of the system being implemented. Choose the method that best fits the organisation's needs, weighing up factors such as risk, time, and resources
-
Don't mix up pilot implementation with prototyping or direct implementation
-
These are different ways in which one new system could be implemented using two different methods
- You may get a question which asks you to compare 2 methods - only write about these 2 in the question and compare them, don't just describe them
Worked example
Tick (✓) the most appropriate method of implementation to match the statements below.
| Direct | Parallel | Pilot | |
| All of the benefits are immediate. | |||
| If the new system fails the whole of the old system is still operational. | |||
| This is the cheapest implementation method. | |||
| The system is implemented in one branch of the company. |
[4]
| Direct | Parallel | Pilot | |
| All of the benefits are immediate. | χ | ||
| If the new system fails the whole of the old system is still operational. | χ | ||
| This is the cheapest implementation method. | χ | ||
| The system is implemented in one branch of the company. | χ |
