1.Cell Level Systems

1.1 Cell Structures

1.1.1 Light Microscopes

1.1.2 Cell Structure

1.1.3 Electron Microscopes

1.2 What Happens in Cells (& What do Cells Need?)

1.2.1 DNA Structure

1.2.2 The Mechanism of Enzyme Action

1.3 Respiration

1.3.1 Respiration is a Chemical Process

1.3.2 Aerobic & Anaerobic Respiration

1.3.3 Biological Molecules

1.3.4 Tests for Biological Molecules

1.4 Photosynthesis

1.4.1 Photosynthetic Organisms as Producers

1.4.2 The Effect of 3 Factors on Photosynthesis

1.4.3 Limiting Factors - Photosynthesis

2. Scaling Up

2.1 Supplying the Cell

2.1.1 Cellular Transport - Diffusion & Osmosis

2.1.2 Cellular Transport - Active Transport

2.1.3 Mitosis & the Cell Cycle

2.1.4 Cell Differentiation

2.1.5 Stem Cells in Animals & Plants

2.1.6 Embryonic & Adult Stem Cells in Animals

2.2 The Challenges of Size

2.2.1 Surface Area: Volume Ratio & Transport

2.2.2 Transport Into & Out of Organisms

2.2.3 The Heart

2.2.4 Blood Vessels

2.2.5 Blood Composition

2.2.6 Transport of Water & Mineral Ions in Plants

2.2.7 Transpiration & Translocation

2.2.8 Xylem & Phloem

2.2.9 Affecting Water Uptake by a Plant

3. Organism Level Systems

3.1 Coordination & Control – the Nervous System

3.1.1 The Nervous System - Structure

3.1.2 Generating a Nervous Response

3.1.3 The Reflex Arc

3.2 Coordination & Control – the Endocrine System

3.2.1 Hormonal Control

3.2.2 Hormones in Human Reproduction

3.2.3 Four Hormones in the Menstrual Cycle

3.2.4 Contraception

3.2.5 Hormones to Treat Infertility

3.3 Maintaining Internal Environments

3.3.1 Constant Internal Environment

3.3.2 Insulin in Blood Sugar Control

3.3.3 Glucagon in Blood Sugar Control

3.3.4 Responses to Extremes

4. Community Level Systems

4.1 Ecosystems

4.1.1 The Cycling of Materials

4.1.2 The Carbon Cycle

4.1.3 Levels of Organisation in an Ecosystem

4.1.4 Abiotic & Biotic Factors

4.1.5 Interdependence & Competition

5. Genes, Inheritance & Selection

5.1 Inheritance

5.1.1 The Genome & Genetics

5.1.2 Variation

5.1.3 Sexual Reproduction

5.1.4 Asexual Reproduction

5.1.5 Inheritance

5.2 Natural Selection & Evolution

5.2.1 Genetic Variation Within a Population

5.2.2 Evolution Through Natural Selection

5.2.3 Classification

6. Global Challenges

6.1 Monitoring & Maintaining the Environment

6.1.1 The Distribution & Abundance of Organisms

6.1.2 Human Interactions Within Ecosystems

6.1.3 Maintaining Biodiversity

6.2 Feeding the Human Race

6.2.1 Selective Breeding of Food Products

6.2.2 Genetic Engineering

6.2.3 The Process of Genetic Engineering

6.2.4 Biotechnology & Human Population

6.3 Monitoring & Maintaining Health

6.3.1 Health & Disease: Disease Types

6.3.2 Communicable Diseases

6.3.3 White Blood Cells & Platelets

6.3.4 Non-Specific Defences

6.3.5 The Human Immune System

6.3.6 Vaccines Against Disease

6.3.7 Developing New Medicines

6.3.8 Non-Communicable Human Diseases

6.3.9 Stem Cells in Medicine

6.3.10 Gene Technology in Medicine

7. Practical Skills

7.1 Practical Skills

7.1.1 Practical - Using Light Microscopes to View Cells

7.1.3 Practical - Sampling Techniques - Quadrats

7.1.4 Practical - Investigating Enzymatic Reactions

7.1.5 Practical - Investigating Photosynthesis

7.1.6 Practical - Using a Potometer

7.1.7 Practical - Measurement of Stomatal Density

7.1.8 Practical - Aseptic Technique

7.1.9 Practical - Surface Area: Volume Ratio

7.1.2 Practical - DNA Extraction

7.1.10 Practical - Investigating Osmosis