1. Chemical Substances, Reactions & Essential Resources

1.1 The Nature of Substances & Chemical Reactions

Elements & Compounds

Chemical Symbols & Formulae

Relative Atomic Mass & Relative Molecular Mass

Percentage Composition

Separating Mixtures

Conservation of Mass

Evidence of a Chemical Reaction

Chemical Equations

Percentage Yield

Reacting Masses

The Avogadro Constant & the Mole

1.2 Atomic Structure & The Periodic Table

Atomic Structure

Atomic Number, Mass Number & Isotopes

Relative Atomic Mass

The Periodic Table

Electronic Structure

Trends in the Periodic Table

Reactions of Alkali Metals

Testing for Hydrogen Gas

Reactions of Halogens

Group 0 Gases

Testing Cations & Anions

Identifying Unknown Ionic Compounds

1.3 Water

Composition of Water

Sustainable Water Supply

Water Treatment

Fluoridation of Water

Desalination

Distillation

Solubility Curves

Hard Water

Water Softening

Benefits & Drawbacks of Hard Water

Determining Hardness in Water

1.4 The Ever-Changing Earth

Structure of the Earth

Plate Tectonics

Plate Boundaries

The Atmosphere

Carbon Dioxide & Sulfur Dioxide Emissions

Global Warming & Acid Rain

Testing for Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide

1.5 Rate Of Chemical Change

Determining the Rate of Reaction

Factors Affecting Rates

Hydrochloric Acid & Sodium Thiosulfate

Particle Theory

Catalysts

Enzymes

Rate of Reaction Using Gas Collection

1.6 Limestone

Carbonates

Thermal Stability of Carbonates

The Limestone Cycle

Using Limestone

2. Chemical Bonding, Application Of Chemical Reactions & Organic Chemistry

2.1 Bonding, Structure & Properties

Properties of Substances

Metallic Bonding

Ionic Bonding

Giant Ionic Structures

Covalent Bonding

Intermolecular Bonding

Diamond & Graphite

Fullerenes

Carbon Nano-tubes & Graphene

Bulk Properties

Nano-scale Particles

Smart Materials

2.2 Acids, Bases & Salts

The pH Scale

Hydrogen & Hydroxide Ions

Acids Reacting with Metals

Neutralisation of Acids

The Acid-Carbonate Reaction

Making Soluble Salts

Preparing Crystals of a Soluble Salt

Naming Salts

Testing for Sulfate Ions

Titrations

Acid-Base Titration

Concentrations in mol dm-3

Neutralisation Calculations

Dilute or Concentrated Acids

Strong & Weak Acids

Making Insoluble Salts

2.3 Metals & Their Extraction

Metal Ores

Native Metals

Metal Reactivity

Metal Displacement Reactions

Oxidation & Reduction

Extraction of Iron

Electrolysis of Molten Ionic Compounds

Oxidation & Reduction Using Electrons

Extraction of Aluminium

Properties of Metals

Transition Metals

Identifying Metal Ions

Alloys

Electrolysis of Water

Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions

Investigating Electrolysis

Electroplating

Electrolysis of Brine

Factors Affecting Extraction Processes

2.4 Chemical Reactions & Energy

Exothermic & Endothermic Reactions

Energy Profiles

Bond Energy Calculations

2.5 Crude Oil, Fuels & Organic Chemistry

Crude Oil

Fractions in Crude Oil

Impact of the Oil Industry

Combustion of Hydrocarbons

Energy Density of a Fuel

Energy from Fuels

Hydrogen as a Fuel

The Fire Triangle

Cracking Hydrocarbons

Naming Alkanes & Alkenes

Isomerism in Hydrocarbons

Alkenes

Addition Polymerisation

Plastics

Alcohol

Uses of Ethanol

Naming Alcohols

Oxidation of Alcohols

Infrared Spectroscopy

2.6 Reversible Reactions, Industrial Processes & Important Chemicals

Reversible Reactions

The Haber Process

Choosing the Haber Process Conditions

Testing for Ammonia

The Contact Process

Concentrated Sulfuric Acid

Fertilisers

Testing for Ammonium Ions

Benefits & Problems of Fertilisers