11 mark
Which row correctly compares the magnification and resolution of an electron microscope with a light microscope?
| Magnification | Resolution | |
| A. | Lower | Higher |
| B. | Higher | Lower |
| C. | Higher | Higher |
| D. | Lower | Lower |
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Syllabus Edition
First teaching 2014
Last exams 2024
|
1.2 Cells: Origin & Ultrastructure
21 mark
The diagram shows a type of prokaryotic cell, a bacterium.
Which three structures are found in both an animal cell and this bacterium cell?
cell membrane, cell wall and DNA
cell membrane, DNA and ribosome
capsule, DNA and ribosome
capsule, cell membrane and cell wall
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31 mark
Which of the following can not be viewed using a light microscope?
Nucleus
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Ribosomes
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41 mark
The image below shows an electron micrograph of a specialised cell. 
Based on the image, which of the following would correctly identify the function of this specialised cell?
This is a cell found in a gland that secretes enzymes for digestion.
This is a cell that carries out photosynthesis in the leaf of a plant.
This is a cell that transports oxygen around the body in the blood.
This is a cell that absorbs nutrients from digested food and transports them into the food in the small intestine.
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51 mark
Which of the following correctly identifies the process that allows prokaryotic cells to reproduce?
Mitosis
Binary fission
Fertilisation
Meiosis
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11 mark
A giant bacterium, Epulopiscium fishelsoni was discovered in 1985.
Which cell structure(s) would enable biologists to classify Epulopiscium as prokaryotic?
Circular DNA and 70S ribosomes occurring freely in the cytoplasm and a cell wall made of murein.
A pair of centrioles close to the nuclear pore with 70S and 80S ribosomes occurring freely in the cytoplasm.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum throughout the cytoplasm and a cell wall made of murein.
A cellulose cell wall outside the plasma membrane with 70S ribosomes and circular DNA occurring freely in the cytoplasm.
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21 mark
A cell which is actively growing is supplied with radioactive amino acids.
Which cell component will show an increase in radioactivity first?
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleus
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31 mark
The image below is an electron micrograph of part of an animal cell.
Which of the following options (A to D) would be the site of protein modification and packaging?
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4
1 mark
1 markIn the 19th century Louis Pasteur carried out an experiment that disproved a popular theory at the time.
What was that theory?
That new traits in organisms evolve due to changes that occur during the organisms lifetime
That new organisms can appear spontaneously from non-living matter
That mitochondria came about due to a process of endosymbiosis
That traits are inherited by the passing down of proteins from parents to offspring
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51 mark
The role of exocrine gland cells in the pancreas is to secrete digestive enzymes into the pancreatic duct.
Which of the following organelles does not directly help it to achieve this task?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
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11 mark
Which of the following is not a correct description of a light microscope or an electron microscope?
An electron microscope can resolve specimens as small as 0.5 nm in diameter.
A light microscope has a maximum resolution of 0.2 µm.
An electron microscope has a maximum resolution of 0.05 nm.
A light microscope can resolve specimens as small as 200 nm in diameter.
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21 mark
The table shows some possible units for measuring the diameters of alveoli, white blood cells and the width of cell walls.
Which of the rows show the most suitable units for measuring each of these structures?
| Diameter of alveoli | Diameter of white blood cells | Width of cell walls | |
| A | mm | µm | µm |
| B | mm | µm | nm |
| C | µm | nm | µm |
| D | µm | µm | nm |
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31 mark
The list below contains structures that are all features of eukaryotic cells.
- Nucleus
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Lysosome
- Chloroplast
- Mitochondrion
Which of these structures will have a double membrane?
I, II and III
I, III and IV
I, IV and V
II, III and IV
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41 mark
The electron micrograph below shows a section of part of a palisade mesophyll cell.
Which structure controls the exchange of substances into and out of the cell?
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51 mark
Which set of observations would indicate that a student is observing a eukaryotic cell?
| Cytoplasm includes endoplasmic reticulum | Protein molecules are associated with the DNA | Diameter <1 µm | |
| A | X | ✓ | X |
| B | X | X | ✓ |
| C | ✓ | ✓ | X |
| D | ✓ | X | X |
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61 mark
Membrane-bound sacs containing products of metabolism are produced by the endoplasmic reticulum.
Where are these products used?
Inside lysosomes only.
Outside the cell only.
Inside the cell only.
Inside and outside the cell.
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71 mark
The diagram shows a typical plant cell.
Which of the cell components would be present in prokaryotes?
I only
II only
II and III
I and IV
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81 mark
The following statement describes some of Louis Pasteur’s findings:
| Broth was first boiled, killing all organisms in it. The broth was then transferred to a swan-necked flask, which prevented organisms from entering. The result was that no organism subsequently grew in the broth. The swan-necked flask was then broken. The result was that mould subsequently grew in the broth. |
What did these findings suggest?
Mould needs nutrients in order to grow.
Aerobic respiration requires the presence of oxygen.
Mould is a form of microorganism.
Spontaneous generation of cells does not occur.
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91 mark
Which of the following is evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?
70S ribosomes can be found in prokaryotic cells.
Mitochondria contain their own DNA.
Meteorites have been found that contain organic molecules.
In certain cases, gene transfer from prokaryotic cells to eukaryotic cells via plasmids has been found to occur.
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101 mark
Which process is occurring in the diagram below?
Binary fission
Cytokinesis
Mitosis
Meiosis
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