The A.C. Generator (CIE IGCSE Physics)

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• The generator effect can be used to generate a.c in an alternator
• A simple alternator is a type of generator that produces an alternating current

An alternator is a rotating coil in a magnetic field connected to slip rings

• A rectangular coil is forced to spin in a uniform magnetic field
• The coil is connected to a centre-reading meter by metal brushes that press on two metal slip rings
  • The slip rings and brushes provide a continuous connection between the coil and the meter

• The coil turns in one direction:
  • The pointer defects first one way, then the opposite way, and then back again
  • This is because the coil cuts through the magnetic field lines and an EMF, and therefore current, is induced in the coil

• The pointer deflects in both directions because the current in the circuit repeatedly changes direction as the coil spins
  • This is because the induced EMF in the coil repeatedly changes its direction
  • This continues on as long as the coil keeps turning in the same direction

• The induced EMF and the current alternate because they repeatedly change direction

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• The A.C. generator creates an alternating current, varying in size and direction as the coil rotates
• Potential difference (also called e.m.f.) is induced when coil rotates in the external magnetic field

Alternating e.m.f. with corresponding positions of the coil relative to the field

• When the number of field lines through the coil is at a maximum, induced e.m.f. is at a minimum
  • In positions 1 and 3 in the diagram below, the number of field lines through the coil is at a maximum and induced e.m.f. is zero in this position
• When the number of field lines through the coil is at a minimum, induced e.m.f. is at a maximum
  • In positions 2 and 4, no field lines pass through the centre of the coil